Table 1 Saudi physician’s perceived barriers and enablers to socially accountable care

Physician’s perceived barriers to socially accountable care

1. Micro-level physician- patient factors

 -Biomedical bias

 -Lack of physician knowledge or training

 -Patient’s refusal, cultural beliefs and expectations

2. Meso- level organizational factors and Interprofessional relationships

 -Clinic structure

 -Time constraints and difficulties to follow up

 - Disconnect between primary care physicians and social workers

3. Macro-level societal factors

 -Disconnect between the primary care clinic and the outside community hinders referral of patients to local support agencies

Physician’s perceived enablers to socially accountable care

1. Micro-level opportunities for promoting social care

 -Graduate & postgraduate education/training

 -Physician workshops & seminars

 -Educating patient communities on SDH

2. Meso-level opportunities for promoting social care

 -Use of nurses for screening & triaging patients to minimize consultation time

 -Foster stronger integration between PHCs and social work departments

 -Multidisciplinary primary care team with a clear referral strategy

3. Macro- Level opportunities for promoting social care

 -Identify & publicly advertise local resources and organizations for patients’ social aid and support