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Table 1 Frequency and percentage table for sample socio-demographic characteristics

From: Examining the impact of socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, lifestyle and other risk factors on adults' cognitive functioning in developing countries: an analysis of five selected WHO SAGE Wave 1 Countries

Variables

Countries

China

Ghana

India

Russia

South Africa

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Residence

 Urban

947

38.09

806

32.42

473

19.03

1764

70.96

1697

68.26

 Rural

1539

61.91

1680

67.58

2013

80.97

722

29.04

789

31.74

Sex

 Male

2379

95.70

1158

46.58

1478

59.45

879

35.36

1052

42.32

 Female

107

4.30

1328

53.42

1008

40.55

1607

64.64

1434

57.68

Age

 18–24

12

0.48

14

0.56

50

2.01

19

0.76

39

1.57

 25–34

50

2.01

58

2.33

147

5.91

72

2.90

50

2.01

 35–44

134

5.39

97

3.90

288

11.58

101

4.06

91

3.66

 45–54

580

23.33

429

17.26

513

20.64

505

20.31

607

24.42

 55–64

962

38.70

693

27.88

729

29.32

712

28.64

833

33.51

 65–74

507

20.39

668

26.87

528

21.24

638

25.66

583

23.45

 75 + 

241

9.69

527

21.20

231

9.29

439

17.66

283

11.38

Marital Status

 Never Married

56

2.25

50

2.01

58

2.33

97

3.90

401

16.13

 Currently Married

2218

89.22

1282

51.57

1924

77.39

1399

56.28

1161

46.70

 Cohabiting

3

0.12

23

0.93

2

0.08

77

3.10

135

5.43

 Separated/Divorced

62

2.49

360

14.48

19

0.76

220

8.85

156

6.28

 Widowed

147

5.91

771

31.01

483

19.43

693

27.88

633

25.46

Educational Level

 No Formal Education

328

13.19

1597

64.24

1365

54.91

23

0.93

565

22.73

 Less than Primary School

497

19.99

327

13.15

301

12.11

47

1.89

514

20.68

 Primary School Completed

586

23.57

228

9.17

377

15.16

174

7.00

591

23.77

 Secondary School Completed

626

25.18

80

3.22

233

9.37

442

17.78

435

17.50

 High School (or equivalent) Completed

349

14.04

233

9.37

149

5.99

1339

53.86

248

9.98

 College/University/Postgraduate  Completed

100

4.02

21

0.84

61

2.45

461

18.54

133

5.35

Income Quintiles

 Lowest

465

18.70

625

25.14

615

24.74

447

17.98

447

17.98

 Low

511

20.56

538

21.64

572

23.01

473

19.03

486

19.55

 Moderate

503

20.23

558

22.64

517

20.80

469

18.87

493

19.83

 Higher

570

22.93

446

17.94

449

18.06

511

20.56

531

21.36

 Highest

437

17.58

319

12.83

333

13.40

586

23.57

529

21.28

Self-Reported Memory Difficulty

 Very Bad

32

1.29

9

0.36

20

0.80

4

0.16

11

0.44

 Bad

690

27.76

117

4.71

302

12.15

223

8.79

212

8.53

 Moderate

1141

45.90

1124

45.21

1226

49.32

1215

48.87

918

36.93

 Good

561

22.57

1095

44.05

874

35.16

981

39.46

1194

48.03

 Very Good

62

2.49

141

5.67

64

2.57

63

2.53

151

6.07

Chronic Diseases

Stroke

 Yes

80

3.22

68

2.74

53

2.13

122

4.91

93

3.74

 No

2406

96.78

2418

97.26

2433

97.87

2364

95.09

2393

96.26

Diabetes

 Yes

101

4.06

65

2.61

122

4.91

195

7.84

237

9.53

 No

2385

95.94

2421

97.39

2364

95.09

2291

92.16

2249

90.47

Chronic Lung Disease

 Yes

259

10.42

16

0.64

119

4.79

433

17.42

46

1.85

 No

2227

89.58

2470

99.36

2367

95.21

2053

82.58

2440

98.15

Depression

 Yes

3

0.12

42

1.69

155

6.23

97

3.90

117

4.71

 No

2483

99.88

2444

98.31

2331

93.77

2389

96.10

2369

95.29

Anxiety

 More Anxious

177

7.12

708

28.48

513

20.64

479

19.27

320

12.87

 Same Level of Anxiety

1821

73.25

1190

47.87

1216

48.91

1700

68.38

1435

57.72

 Less Anxious

488

19.63

588

23.65

757

30.45

307

12.35

731

29.40

Hypertension

 Yes

498

20.03

258

10.38

339

13.64

1339

53.86

712

28.64

 No

1988

79.97

2228

89.38

2147

86.36

1147

46.14

1774

71.36

Lifestyle

Alcohol Use: Ever used alcohol?

 Yes

2479

99.72

1375

55.31

660

26.55

1849

74.38

674

27.11

 No, never

7

0.28

1111

44.69

1826

73.45

637

25.62

1812

72.89

Tobacco Use: Ever used tobacco?

 Yes

2483

99.88

606

24.38

2486

100

758

30.49

858

34.51

 No

3

0.12

1880

75.62

-

-

1728

69.51

1628

65.49

Fruits: How many servings of fruits per day?

 0–5

2382

95.82

2379

95.70

2474

99.52

2448

98.47

2467

99.24

 6–10

99

3.98

105

4.22

11

0.44

37

1.49

18

0.72

 11–15

-

-

1

0.04

1

0.04

1

0.04

1

0.04

 16 + 

5

0.20

1

0.04

-

-

-

-

-

-

Vegetables: How many servings of vegetables?

 0–5

1048

42.16

2473

99.48

2456

98.79

2441

98.19

2423

97.47

 6–10

1102

44.33

11

0.44

30

1.21

43

1.73

60

99.88

 11–15

158

6.35

2

0.08

-

-

2

0.08

3

0.12

 16 + 

178

7.16

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

  1. Note. Due to rounding errors, percentages may not equal 100%; '-' indicates the statistic is undefined due to constant data, insufficient sample size, or no response