Table 3 Results of difference-in-differences analysis showing the change in emergency admissions for respiratory conditions per 100,000 population in the intervention neighbourhoods following the declaration of an AQMA relative to the control neighbourhoods, stratified by income deprivation

Working age population unemployed (%)

−12.7

[−44.35, 18.95]

−35.7

[− 52.97, −18.43]

−8.02

[−19.91, 3.87]

Population aged < 15 years (%)

15.84

[0.01, 31.67]

25.69

[13.10, 38.27]

32.83

[20.03, 45.64]

Population aged 65+ years (%)

15.15

[8.18, 22.13]

27.65

[20.33, 34.98]

38

[22.93, 53.08]

Years to/since intervention

38.45

[28.63, 48.28]

48.22

[40.41, 56.04]

45.26

[35.75, 54.76]

Period [post-intervention = 1; pre-intervention = 0]

−33.64

[− 107.54, 40.26]

14.09

[−50.55, 78.73]

42.19

[−23.36, 107.74]

Group [intervention = 1; control = 0]

−14.51

[− 136.30, 107.28]

−51.92

[− 165.19, 61.35]

77.44

[− 39.15, 194.03]

DiD estimator: Period * Group

16.62

[−89.90, 123.13]

−184.25

[− 300.80, − 67.70]

−199.76

[−304.04, − 95.48]