Table 2 Results of difference-in-differences analysis showing the change in emergency admissions for respiratory conditions per 100,000 population in the intervention neighbourhoods following the declaration of an AQMA relative to the control neighbourhoods

Working age population unemployed (%)

− 1.1

[− 10.21, 8.01]

0.812

Population aged < 15 years (%)

45.24

[36.76, 53.71]

< .001

Population aged 65+ years (%)

13.61

[7.20, 20.03]

< .001

Years to/since intervention

45.48

[40.04, 50.92]

< .001

Period [post-intervention = 1; pre-intervention = 0]

23.32

[−17.67, 64.32]

0.265

Group [intervention = 1; control = 0]

82.27

[−19.79, 184.34]

0.114

DiD estimator: Period * Group

−158.45

[−227.29, − 89.61]

< .001