Table 1 Excess mortality per 100,000 person-years with 95% confidence intervals and % change in age-standardised mortality rate in the Belgian population during the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020 compared to the period 2015–2019 by gender, age group, care home and demographic and socioeconomic indicators
|  | 25–64 years | 65–84 years | 85+ years | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No care home | Care home | No care home | Care home | |||||||
Absolute | % | Absolute | % | Absolute | % | Absolute | % | Absolute | % | |
Men | ||||||||||
 Total | 10.4 (6.7–14.2) | 3.9 | 254.3 (238.5–270.0) | 24.1 | 5348.0 (4846.5–5849.6) | 56.9 | 183.5 (164.7–202.2) | 22.4 | 1550.5 (1482.8–1618.2) | 49.7 |
 Educational level | ||||||||||
  Primary or less | 6.8 (−36.3–50.0) | 1.6 | 251.2 (208.0–294.4) | 22.8 | 5128.8 (4185.6–6071.9) | 55.2 | 198.2 (161.8–234.7) | 22.8 | 1671.9 (1570.0–1773.7) | 49.9 |
  Lower secondary | 26.9 (4.9–48.7) | 7.7 | 173.6 (136.9–210.2) | 18.9 | 5257.4 (4226.9–6288.0) | 55.2 | 146.7 (100.6–192.9) | 19.5 | 1318.3 (1152.7–1484.0) | 45.5 |
  Upper secondary | 1.2 (−10.2–12.7) | 0.5 | 136.4 (96.2–176.7) | 16.6 | 5472.9 (4297.0–6648.8) | 57.7 | 266.9 (208.5–325.4) | 32.1 | 1900.3 (1728.0–2072.6) | 57.3 |
  Higher education | 4.7 (−4.4–13.9) | 3.0 | 107.4 (73.3–141.5) | 16.3 | 4410.4 (2962.4–5858.3) | 57.6 | 169.5 (111.7–227.4) | 23.7 | 1092.6 (862.20–1323.0) | 49.1 |
  Missing | 18.9 (−12.0–50.0) | 5.6 | 224.1 (145.6–302.4) | 20.1 | 6566.1 (5345.9–7786.4) | 63.1 | 231.4 (151.1–311.6) | 25.2 | 2023.5 (1869.3–2177.8) | 56.0 |
 Income level | ||||||||||
  Low | 20.4 (− 2.3–43.1) | 4.5 | 188.9 (156.4–221.4) | 17.5 | 5220.0 (4566.0–5873.9) | 56.8 | 190.3 (159.0–221.4) | 22.4 | 1693.8 (1601.5–1786.1) | 50.8 |
  Middle | −15 (−28.9–−1.4) | −6.1 | 171.7 (146.9–196.7) | 20.0 | 6201.5 (5241.8–7161.2) | 58.7 | 203.3 (168.8–237.7) | 25.5 | 1585.3 (1469.3–1701.3) | 51.3 |
  High | 21.0 (16.0–26.0) | 14.1 | 110.1 (69.7–150.4) | 17.5 | 6161.6 (4172.8–8150.6) | 68.2 | 201.3 (137.7–264.9) | 25.4 | 1105.3 (876.41–1334.3) | 45.4 |
  Missing | 2.7 (−61.7–67.2) | 0.5 | 178.1 (−33.6–390.1) | 16.4 | 3736.7 (2105.9–5367.4) | 64.2 | −160.4 (− 359.2–38.3) | −40.2 | 1870.5 (1354.4–2386.6) | 51.2 |
 Living situation | ||||||||||
  With partner | 3.2 (0.0–6.5) | 1.9 | 129.3 (113.1–145.6) | 16.4 |  |  | 182.3 (156.4–208.2) | 24.1 |  |  |
  Without partner | −5.3 (−28.6–17.9) | −1.2 | 228.2 (182.4–274.2) | 19.2 |  |  | 218.1 (182.1–254.0) | 24.5 |  |  |
  Other | 62.7 (9.4–115.9) | 14.5 | 246.1 (99.8–392.4) | 20.2 |  |  | 183.4 (42.8–324.0) | 17.6 |  |  |
  Collective HH | 479.3 (113.0–845.7) | 24.1 | 1469.4 (985.8–1952.9) | 58.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Migrant background | ||||||||||
  Belgian | 1.6 (−3.9–7.26) | 0.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  FG non-Belgian | 55.4 (35.8–74.9) | 21.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  SG non-Belgian | 25.2 (−14.7–65.2) | 8.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Chronic disease | ||||||||||
  No | 23.0 (19.9–26.0) | 10.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Yes | − 110.8 (−210.6–−11.1) | −11.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Women | ||||||||||
 Total | 4.2 (3.7–4.9) | 2.7 | 92.3 (85.0–99.7) | 18.2 | 3027.4 (2623.5–3431.2) | 52.5 | 129.7 (120.3–139.1) | 22.2 | 843.8 (808.9–878.6) | 42.0 |
 Educational level | ||||||||||
  Primary or less | 70.0 (32.6–107.4) | 23.4 | 126.8 (102.9–150.8) | 21.3 | 2583.4 (1887.4–3279.4) | 47.3 | 152.1 (132.5–171.6) | 24.2 | 922.4 (866.9–977.8) | 43.7 |
  Lower secondary | 12.3 (−7.2–31.8) | 5.8 | 115.0 (93.6–136.3) | 22.4 | 3299.9 (2435.4–4164.4) | 52.9 | 138.1 (112.8–163.5) | 24.7 | 914.7 (834.3–995.1) | 45.1 |
  Upper secondary | −7.0 (−13.3–−0.7) | −5.1 | 59.5 (34.3–84.9) | 14.1 | 3036.0 (2116.9–3955.1) | 54.5 | 116.5 (79.5–153.5) | 22.5 | 743.1 (623.3–862.9) | 40.3 |
  Higher education | 0.9 (−4.2–6.1) | 0.9 | 57.8 (31.7–83.9) | 15.5 | 2931.3 (1673.5–4189.1) | 56.3 | 147.4 (97.3–197.3) | 28.8 | 643.1 (498.2–787.9) | 40.1 |
  Missing | 28.4 (3.9–53.0) | 13.1 | 147.6 (96.3–198.8) | 23.5 | 3775.2 (2716.1–4834.5) | 62.0 | 122.0 (78.7–165.2) | 20.7 | 818.0 (708.0–928.0) | 41.0 |
 Income level | ||||||||||
  Low | −2.2 (−8.2–3.6) | −1.2 | 98.5 (86.9–110.1) | 18.7 | 2999.8 (2495.5–3504.0) | 52.4 | 122.7 (107.8–137.6) | 20.7 | 835.3 (784.2–886.4) | 41.3 |
  Middle | 14.0 (4.6–23.6) | 9.8 | 100.8 (78.4–123.2) | 19.9 | 3340.6 (2415.1–4266.1) | 52.9 | 150.8 (128.9–172.7) | 26.5 | 922.9 (862.0–983.9) | 45.2 |
  High | 2.0 (−2.7–7.0) | 2.6 | 63.7 (30.5–96.8) | 17.3 | 4356.8 (2443.5–6270.1) | 73.1 | 169.5 (118.5–220.5) | 29.6 | 783.4 (645.7–921.2) | 43.0 |
  Missing | 37.8 (−13.1–88.7) | 9.5 | 113.1 (−3.04–229.5) | 18.9 | 2513.8 (900.8–4126.8) | 55.6 | 173.3 (21.4–325.3) | 27.7 | 636.9 (222.7–1051.2) | 38.2 |
 Living situation | ||||||||||
  With partner | −4.7 (−4.9–−4.3) | −4.2 | 72.1 (59.8–84.3) | 16.5 |  |  | 98.5 (69.4–127.5) | 20.0 |  |  |
  Without partner | 4.8 (−6.8–16.5) | 2.2 | 107.9 (90.8–125.0) | 19.1 |  |  | 131.7 (119.8–143.6) | 23.5 |  |  |
  Other | 30.8 (−17.–79.6) | 10.9 | 233.3 (149.6–317.0) | 29.3 |  |  | 323.7 (254.9–392.5) | 32.1 |  |  |
  Collective HH | 1251.8 (628.9–1874.8) | 48.9 | 718.6 (330.8–1106.4) | 54.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Migrant background | ||||||||||
  Belgian | 1.3 (−0.8–3.5) | 0.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  FG non-Belgian | 17.5 (6.3–28.6) | 12.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  SG non-Belgian | 12.7 (−15.9–41.5) | 7.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Chronic disease | ||||||||||
  No | 7.1 (6.9–7.4) | 5.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Yes | −35.6 (−78.2–6.9) | −7.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |