Socio-economic determinants of healthcare costs in early life: a register-based study in the Netherlands

van der Hulst, Marije; Polinder, Suzanne; Kok, Rianne; Prinzie, Peter; de Groot, Marijke W.; Burdorf, Alex; Bertens, Loes C. M.

doi:10.1186/s12939-021-01589-x

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 1 Distribution of participants and healthcare expenses over determinants, covariates and background variables

From: Socio-economic determinants of healthcare costs in early life: a register-based study in the Netherlands

		Prevalence N = 480,471	(%)	Median healthcare costs €	5–95% range €
Healthcare expenses (per year)^	··	··	··	295,26	72,22-4299,85
	Primary care	457,221^b	(95,16%)	13,53 (112,57)^c	13,53–374,15 (41,08-378,48)^c
	Secondary care	215,000^b	(44,75%)	0,00 (726,43)^c	0,00–3393,35 (64,60-6750,60)^c
	Paramedical care	53,834^b	(11,20%)	0,00 (222,76)^c	0,00–261,13 (40,52-1168,50)^c
	Other care	346,598^b	(72,14%)	31,75 (50,33)^c	0,00–420,73 (13,17-693,54)^c
Monthly household income	Mean household income	1963,99 (1128,38)^a	··	··	··
	0–20%	··	··	339,56	69,53 – 4925,30
	20–40%	··	··	308,76	73,85 – 4415,00
	40–60%	··	··	290,07	73,62 – 4197,90
	60–80%	··	··	282,37	72,99 – 4059,40
	80–100%	··	··	266,39	71,72 – 3867,00
Neighborhood deprivation	Non-deprived	441,748	(91,94%)	289,29	72,01 – 4238,90
	Deprived	38,723	(8,06%)	375,85	78,45 – 4931,50
	0–20%	··	··	257,46	72,20 – 3684,10
	20–40%	··	··	271,91	72,43 – 3968,20
	40–60%	··	··	288,90	71,99 – 4377,70
	60–80%	··	··	312,64	72,00 – 4588,90
	80–100%	··	··	356,36	73,54 – 4926,00
Perinatal outcome	Born at term	453,243	(94,33%)	285,74	71,75 – 3548,5
	Born preterm	27,228	(5,67%)	697,49	88,68 – 25,011,70
	Normal birthweight^d	440,688	(91,72%)	291,37	72,04 – 4059,90
	Small for gestational age	39,707	(8,26%)	357,19	75,54 – 6679,20
	No morbidity	415,691	(86,52%)	281,72	71,50 – 3411,80
	One or both morbidities	64,780	(13,48%)	439,86	80,01–11,885,0
Ethnicity	Native Dutch	357,060	(74,31%)	281,79	72,42 – 4239,00
	Western immigrant	38,049	(7,92%)	302,73	67,12 – 3940,38
	Non-western immigrant	85,362	(17,77%)	355,58	75,10– 4689,39
Children’s year of birth	2014	94,885	(19,75%)	1562,97	0,00 – 8364,00
	2013	108,121	(22,50%)	297,07	77,60 – 4063,66
	2012	134,528	(28,00%)	215,25	76,01 – 2648,41
	2011	142,937	(29,75%)	230,94	81,57 – 2659,63
Maternal age	Mean maternal age	30·35 (4·96)^a		··	··
Parity	Primiparous	258,610	(53,82%)	335,83	72,93 – 5047,15
Parity	Multiparous	221,861	(46,18%)	258,41	71,91–3655,81

^aMean and standard deviations are presented, instead of prevalence
^bNumber of children with this type of healthcare cost, children can have multiple types of costs
^cMedian and ranges for children with ≥ €1 of healthcare costs in this category
^dMissing data: 77 children no birthweight available

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ISSN: 1475-9276

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