Table 1 Characteristics and PCAT scores of the participants stratified by CHC, n (%)

Age (years)

 18–25

4 (4.4)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

9 (6.0)

6 (1.5)

1 (0.2)

20 (1.3)

 26–30

14 (15.6)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

24 (16.1)

3 (0.8)

14 (2.6)

55 (3.5)

 31–40

30 (33.3)

3 (1.6)

33 (15.5)

29 (19.5)

4 (1.0)

28 (5.2)

127 (8.1)

 41–50

13 (14.4)

11 (6.0)

40 (18.8)

15 (10.1)

24 (6.1)

27 (6.1)

130 (8.3)

 51–60

9 (10.0)

30 (16.4)

34 (16.0)

20 (13.4)

79 (19.9)

79 (14.7)

251 (16.0)

  > 60

20 (22.2)

139 (76.0)

106 (49.8)

52 (34.9)

280 (70.7)

388 (72.3)

985 (62.8)

Sex

 Male

22 (24.4)

81 (44.3)

78 (36.6)

74 (49.7)

206 (52.0)

232 (43.2)

693 (44.2)

 Female

68 (75.6)

102 (55.7)

135 (63.4)

75 (50.3)

190 (48.0)

305 (56.8)

875 (55.8)

Education

 Uneducated

1 (1.1)

1 (0.5)

4 (1.9)

5 (3.4)

1 (0.3)

3 (0.6)

15 (1.0)

 Primary school

5 (5.6)

16 (8.7)

51 (23.9)

15 (10.1)

69 (17.4)

46 (8.6)

202 (12.9)

 Middle school

6 (6.7)

50 (27.3)

78 (36.6)

34 (22.8)

96 (24.2)

144 (26.8)

408 (26.0)

 High school

17 (18.9)

88 (48.1)

25 (11.7)

26 (17.4)

146 (36.9)

235 (43.8)

537 (34.2)

  ≥ College

61 (67.8)

28 (15.3)

55 (25.8)

69 (46.3)

84 (21.2)

109 (20.3)

406 (25.9)

Annual family income (RMB, yuan)

  < 100,000

30 (33.3)

58 (31.7)

67 (31.5)

54 (36.2)

54 (36.2)

51 (12.9)

380 (24.2)

 100,000–150,000

20 (22.2)

32 (17.5)

59 (27.7)

21 (14.1)

21 (14.1)

112 (28.3)

347 (22.1)

 150,000–210,000

24 (26.7)

49 (26.8)

61 (28.6)

27 (18.1)

27 (18.1)

161 (40.7)

434 (27.7)

  ≥ 210,000

16 (17.8)

44 (24.0)

26 (12.2)

47 (31.5)

47 (31.5)

72 (18.2)

407 (26.0)

Annual out-of-pocket medical expenditures (RMB, yuan)

  ≤ 800

38 (42.2)

83 (45.4)

51 (23.9)

29 (19.5)

6 (1.5)

151 (28.1)

358 (22.8)

 800–1800

16 (17.8)

53 (29.0)

62 (29.1)

24 (16.1)

52 (13.1)

203 (37.8)

410 (26.1)

 1800–3000

10 (11.1)

16 (8.7)

22 (10.3)

24 (16.1)

100 (25.3)

69 (12.8)

241 (15.4)

  > 3000

26 (28.9)

31 (16.9)

78 (36.6)

72 (48.3)

238 (60.1)

114 (21.2)

559 (35.7)

Medical insurance

 Urban resident

9 (10.0)

7 (3.8)

37 (17.4)

39 (26.2)

124 (31.3)

10 (1.9)

226 (14.5)

 Employee

71 (78.9)

173 (94.5)

166 (77.9)

105 (70.5)

266 (67.2)

520 (96.8)

1301 (83.0)

 Business insurance

10 (11.1)

3 (1.6)

10 (4.7)

5 (3.4)

6 (1.5)

7 (1.3)

41 (2.6)

Diabetes

 No

85 (94.4)

128 (69.9)

179 (84.0)

117 (78.5)

264 (66.7)

377 (70.2)

1150 (73.3)

 Yes

5 (5.6)

55 (30.1)

34 (16.0)

32 (21.5)

132 (33.3)

160 (29.8)

418 (26.7)

Hypertension

 No

71 (78.9)

67 (36.6)

132 (62.0)

85 (57.0)

154 (38.9)

176 (32.8)

685 (43.7)

 Yes

19 (21.1)

116 (63.4)

81 (38.0)

64 (43.0)

242 (61.1)

361 (67.2)

883 (56.3)

PCAT scores

 First contact in terms of utilization

2.92 ± 0.75*

3.16 ± 0.53*

3.25 ± 0.57*

3.17 ± 0.59*

2.83 ± 0.57*

3.84 ± 0.31

3.31 ± 0.65

 First-contact care in terms of access

2.32 ± 0.57*

2.71 ± 0.52*

2.68 ± 0.49*

2.99 ± 0.51*

2.32 ± 0.45

3.76 ± 0.28

2.97 ± 0.74

 Ongoing care

2.13 ± 0.63*

2.87 ± 0.52*

2.71 ± 0.53*

2.91 ± 0.41*

2.46 ± 0.48*

3.96 ± 0.14

3.08 ± 0.78

 Coordination of care

2.49 ± 0.58*

2.77 ± 0.49*

3.00 ± 0.55*

3.35 ± 0.56*

2.61 ± 0.54*

3.88 ± 0.29

3.20 ± 0.72

 Coordination of information systems

2.66 ± 0.65*

3.22 ± 0.61*

3.38 ± 0.56*

3.30 ± 0.52*

3.22 ± 0.61*

4.00 ± 0.06

3.31 ± 0.74

 Comprehensiveness of services available

3.21 ± 0.51*

2.72 ± 0.72*

3.41 ± 0.34*

3.19 ± 0.52*

2.91 ± 0.60*

3.96 ± 0.21

3.36 ± 0.67

 Comprehensiveness of services provided

2.75 ± 0.59*

3.02 ± 0.56*

3.35 ± 0.45*

3.08 ± 0.46*

2.51 ± 0.53*

3.91 ± 0.15

3.23 ± 0.70

 Family centredness

2.99 ± 0.65*

2.89 ± 0.58*

2.95 ± 0.63*

3.14 ± 0.46*

2.50 ± 0.51*

3.97 ± 0.14

3.20 ± 0.75

 Community orientation

2.64 ± 0.71*

2.89 ± 0.46*

2.76 ± 0.55*

3.14 ± 0.45*

2.37 ± 0.52*

3.73 ± 0.34

3.04 ± 0.72

 Culturally competent care

2.92 ± 0.63*

2.99 ± 0.69*

3.28 ± 0.59*

2.64 ± 0.64*

2.59 ± 0.56*

3.94 ± 0.20

3.22 ± 0.76

 Global PCAT score

2.71 ± 0.40*

2.93 ± 0.43*

3.08 ± 0.33*

3.07 ± 0.35*

2.56 ± 0.29*

3.89 ± 0.13

3.19 ± 0.61