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Table 3 Association of personal protection behaviours with workplace policy and socio-demographic factors

From: Unequal availability of workplace policy for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 across occupations and its relationship with personal protection behaviours: a cross-sectional survey

 

Hand Hygiene

Face Mask

Household Hygiene

Social distancing

Hand wash before meals

Hand wash after toileting

Use alcohol hand rub

Wear mask

Put disinfectants into toilets

Put disinfectants into drain pipe

Avoid leaving home

Avoid contact neighbours

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

Workplace guideline and measures

 Not available

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 Available

4.21** (1.62, 10.95)

7.54* (1.27, 44.72)

1.53 (0.65, 3.60)

4.25* (1.02, 17.76)

0.61 (0.27, 1.40)

0.58 (0.26, 1.30)

1.73 (0.73, 4.11)

2.79* (1.15, 6.76)

Occupation

 Manager and administrator

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 Professional

2.52 (0.82, 7.73)

3.00 (0.26, 34.24)

1.10 (0.40, 3.05)

1.56 (0.29, 8.46)

0.46 (0.17, 1.22)

0.51 (0.20, 1.33)

1.36 (0.50, 3.70)

2.00 (0.69, 5.78)

 Associate professional

8.31* (1.49, 46.47)

–

1.41 (0.40, 4.92)

–

0.78 (0.24, 2.53)

0.97 (0.30, 3.10)

2.96 (0.85, 10.34)

3.95* (1.05, 14.91)

 Clerical support worker

2.28 (0.50, 10.45)

0.81 (0.05, 12.90)

1.43 (0.36, 5.71)

1.79 (0.13, 24.82)

0.49 (0.14, 1.70)

0.33 (0.09, 1.25)

2.53 (0.58, 11.16)

1.92 (0.44, 8.49)

 Manual labourer

0.83 (0.22, 3.08)

0.90 (0.10, 8.19)

0.44 (0.13, 1.51)

0.52 (0.08, 3.23)

0.38 (0.11, 1.33)

0.24 (0.07, 0.84)

0.30 (0.08, 1.12)

0.56 (0.16, 2.03)

Interaction: workplace guideline x occupation

 Available x. Professional

0.35 (0.10, 1.16)

0.22 (0.01, 3.69)

0.67 (0.23, 1.97)

0.51 (0.07, 3.56)

1.83 (0.65, 5.11)

1.68 (0.62, 4.60)

0.75 (0.26, 2.15)

0.43 (0.14, 1.33)

 Available x Associate Professional

0.11* (0.02, 0.65)

–

0.56 (0.15, 2.09)

–

1.37 (0.40, 4.71)

0.88 (0.26, 2.98)

0.33 (0.09, 1.23)

0.22* (0.05, 0.88)

  Available x Clerical support Workers

0.42 (0.08, 2.17)

1.67 (0.05, 58.42)

0.54 (0.13, 2.33)

1.65 (0.06, 48.25)

1.97 (0.53, 7.27)

3.14 (0.77, 12.72)

0.44 (0.09, 2.05)

0.42 (0.09, 2.02)

 Available x Manual labourer

1.06 (0.23, 4.79)

0.27 (0.02, 4.39)

1.81 (0.46, 7.17)

0.84 (0.08, 8.42)

3.10 (0.79, 12.25)

3.81 (1.00, 14.53)

4.43* (1.06, 18.47)

1.21 (0.30, 4.92)

Age group

 18–29

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 30–39

1.43 (0.92, 2.23)

4.29 (0.70, 26.17)

1.03 (0.71, 1.49)

0.93 (0.34, 2.54)

1.12 (0.79, 1.58)

1.05 (0.74, 1.49)

1.23 (0.85, 1.77)

0.97 (0.66, 1.44)

 40–49

1.29 (0.80, 2.08)

1.88 (0.41, 8.61)

1.05 (0.70, 1.56)

0.89 (0.31, 2.53)

1.41 (0.97, 2.04)

1.27 (0.88, 1.85)

1.17 (0.79, 1.73)

0.98 (0.65, 1.50)

 50–59

1.17 (0.67, 2.07)

0.60 (0.13, 2.76)

0.70 (0.44, 1.11)

0.70 (0.22, 2.24)

1.23 (0.79, 1.92)

1.02 (0.66, 1.59)

1.06 (0.67, 1.66)

0.83 (0.51, 1.34)

 60+

2.80 (0.84, 9.41)

0.62 (0.08, 5.04)

0.96 (0.41, 2.22)

0.48 (0.09, 2.44)

1.77 (0.83, 3.76)

1.72 (0.80, 3.70)

1.87 (0.81, 4.32)

1.18 (0.49, 2.85)

Gender

 Female

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 Male

0.71* (0.52, 0.98)

1.22 (0.49, 2.99)

0.45* (0.35, 0.59)

0.66 (0.35, 1.24)

0.75* (0.59, 0.96)

0.92 (0.72, 1.17)

0.60* (0.47, 0.78)

0.66** (0.51, 0.87)

Marital status

 Never married

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 Married

1.65* (1.12, 2.44)

0.38 (0.10, 1.35)

1.28 (0.93, 1.74)

0.93 (0.41, 2.11)

0.84 (0.63, 1.13)

0.91 (0.69, 1.22)

1.31 (0.97, 1.77)

1.19 (0.87, 1.64)

 Cohabited

0.74 (0.27, 2.06)

0.09 (0.01, 1.04)

0.77 (0.30, 1.97)

0.32 (0.06, 1.72)

0.70 (0.30, 1.62)

0.81 (0.35, 1.90)

0.96 (0.38, 2.44)

0.45 (0.17, 1.17)

 Divorced/ separated

1.80 (0.74, 4.38)

1.15 (0.12, 11.54)

1.53 (0.76, 3.07)

2.79 (0.33, 23.38)

1.10 (0.56, 2.17)

1.40 (0.75, 2.62)

1.03 (0.52, 2.02)

1.50 (0.70, 3.22)

 Widowed

1.24 (0.21, 7.36)

0.29 (0.02, 5.40)

0.69 (0.17, 2.81)

0.51 (0.04, 5.83)

2.58 (0.69, 9.60)

2.51 (0.63, 10.06)

0.54 (0.16, 1.87)

0.30 (0.08, 1.13)

Living arrangement

 Alone

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 With family

1.29 (0.70, 2.39)

6.27** (1.57, 25.00)

1.46 (0.87, 2.45)

3.40* (1.27, 9.09)

2.30** (1.36, 3.88)

2.12** (1.26, 3.56)

1.04 (0.62, 1.75)

1.20 (0.69, 2.08)

 With others

1.17 (0.43, 3.22)

–

2.04 (0.85, 4.87)

2.17 (0.36, 13.17)

4.59* (2.02, 10.45)

2.26 (1.00, 5.11)

1.72 (0.70, 4.23)

2.16 (0.80, 5.80)

Education attainment

 Lower secondary school

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 Higher secondary school

2.72 (0.76, 9.75)

13.16* (1.32, 131.35)

0.85 (0.24, 3.02)

1.46 (0.12, 17.36)

0.37 (0.11, 1.21)

0.49 (0.14, 1.66)

1.17 (0.34, 4.03)

1.14 (0.29, 4.56)

 Preparatory course

3.51 (0.98, 12.57)

5.74 (0.66, 50.01)

1.07 (0.30, 3.82)

1.68 (0.14, 19.87)

0.37 (0.12, 1.21)

0.56 (0.17, 1.89)

0.96 (0.28, 3.30)

0.83 (0.21, 3.29)

 Undergraduate or above

3.08 (0.89, 10.65)

6.81 (0.89, 52.30)

0.97 (0.28, 3.39)

1.23 (0.11, 13.41)

0.39 (0.12, 1.24)

0.51 (0.15, 1.69)

1.15 (0.34, 3.88)

1.03 (0.26, 3.99)

Work status

 Full-time

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 Part-time

0.93 (0.54, 1.60)

2.74 (0.53, 14.19)

1.03 (0.65, 1.62)

1.27 (0.40, 3.98)

1.02 (0.68, 1.54)

0.82 (0.54, 1.26)

1.42 (0.90, 2.26)

2.02* (1.18, 3.47)

  1. Note: 1. Manual labourer: service/sales workers and craft workers, plant/machine operators and assemblers, elementary workers, and farm workers, animal husbandry workers and fishermen, occupations unidentifiable or inadequately described
  2. * P < 0.05; The values reported in the table are adjusted odds ratios and their 95% Confidence intervals (CI)