Table 3 Association of personal protection behaviours with workplace policy and socio-demographic factors
Hand Hygiene | Face Mask | Household Hygiene | Social distancing | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hand wash before meals | Hand wash after toileting | Use alcohol hand rub | Wear mask | Put disinfectants into toilets | Put disinfectants into drain pipe | Avoid leaving home | Avoid contact neighbours | |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Workplace guideline and measures | ||||||||
Not available | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Available | 4.21** (1.62, 10.95) | 7.54* (1.27, 44.72) | 1.53 (0.65, 3.60) | 4.25* (1.02, 17.76) | 0.61 (0.27, 1.40) | 0.58 (0.26, 1.30) | 1.73 (0.73, 4.11) | 2.79* (1.15, 6.76) |
Occupation | ||||||||
Manager and administrator | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Professional | 2.52 (0.82, 7.73) | 3.00 (0.26, 34.24) | 1.10 (0.40, 3.05) | 1.56 (0.29, 8.46) | 0.46 (0.17, 1.22) | 0.51 (0.20, 1.33) | 1.36 (0.50, 3.70) | 2.00 (0.69, 5.78) |
Associate professional | 8.31* (1.49, 46.47) | – | 1.41 (0.40, 4.92) | – | 0.78 (0.24, 2.53) | 0.97 (0.30, 3.10) | 2.96 (0.85, 10.34) | 3.95* (1.05, 14.91) |
Clerical support worker | 2.28 (0.50, 10.45) | 0.81 (0.05, 12.90) | 1.43 (0.36, 5.71) | 1.79 (0.13, 24.82) | 0.49 (0.14, 1.70) | 0.33 (0.09, 1.25) | 2.53 (0.58, 11.16) | 1.92 (0.44, 8.49) |
Manual labourer | 0.83 (0.22, 3.08) | 0.90 (0.10, 8.19) | 0.44 (0.13, 1.51) | 0.52 (0.08, 3.23) | 0.38 (0.11, 1.33) | 0.24 (0.07, 0.84) | 0.30 (0.08, 1.12) | 0.56 (0.16, 2.03) |
Interaction: workplace guideline x occupation | ||||||||
Available x. Professional | 0.35 (0.10, 1.16) | 0.22 (0.01, 3.69) | 0.67 (0.23, 1.97) | 0.51 (0.07, 3.56) | 1.83 (0.65, 5.11) | 1.68 (0.62, 4.60) | 0.75 (0.26, 2.15) | 0.43 (0.14, 1.33) |
Available x Associate Professional | 0.11* (0.02, 0.65) | – | 0.56 (0.15, 2.09) | – | 1.37 (0.40, 4.71) | 0.88 (0.26, 2.98) | 0.33 (0.09, 1.23) | 0.22* (0.05, 0.88) |
Available x Clerical support Workers | 0.42 (0.08, 2.17) | 1.67 (0.05, 58.42) | 0.54 (0.13, 2.33) | 1.65 (0.06, 48.25) | 1.97 (0.53, 7.27) | 3.14 (0.77, 12.72) | 0.44 (0.09, 2.05) | 0.42 (0.09, 2.02) |
Available x Manual labourer | 1.06 (0.23, 4.79) | 0.27 (0.02, 4.39) | 1.81 (0.46, 7.17) | 0.84 (0.08, 8.42) | 3.10 (0.79, 12.25) | 3.81 (1.00, 14.53) | 4.43* (1.06, 18.47) | 1.21 (0.30, 4.92) |
Age group | ||||||||
18–29 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
30–39 | 1.43 (0.92, 2.23) | 4.29 (0.70, 26.17) | 1.03 (0.71, 1.49) | 0.93 (0.34, 2.54) | 1.12 (0.79, 1.58) | 1.05 (0.74, 1.49) | 1.23 (0.85, 1.77) | 0.97 (0.66, 1.44) |
40–49 | 1.29 (0.80, 2.08) | 1.88 (0.41, 8.61) | 1.05 (0.70, 1.56) | 0.89 (0.31, 2.53) | 1.41 (0.97, 2.04) | 1.27 (0.88, 1.85) | 1.17 (0.79, 1.73) | 0.98 (0.65, 1.50) |
50–59 | 1.17 (0.67, 2.07) | 0.60 (0.13, 2.76) | 0.70 (0.44, 1.11) | 0.70 (0.22, 2.24) | 1.23 (0.79, 1.92) | 1.02 (0.66, 1.59) | 1.06 (0.67, 1.66) | 0.83 (0.51, 1.34) |
60+ | 2.80 (0.84, 9.41) | 0.62 (0.08, 5.04) | 0.96 (0.41, 2.22) | 0.48 (0.09, 2.44) | 1.77 (0.83, 3.76) | 1.72 (0.80, 3.70) | 1.87 (0.81, 4.32) | 1.18 (0.49, 2.85) |
Gender | ||||||||
Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Male | 0.71* (0.52, 0.98) | 1.22 (0.49, 2.99) | 0.45* (0.35, 0.59) | 0.66 (0.35, 1.24) | 0.75* (0.59, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) | 0.60* (0.47, 0.78) | 0.66** (0.51, 0.87) |
Marital status | ||||||||
Never married | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Married | 1.65* (1.12, 2.44) | 0.38 (0.10, 1.35) | 1.28 (0.93, 1.74) | 0.93 (0.41, 2.11) | 0.84 (0.63, 1.13) | 0.91 (0.69, 1.22) | 1.31 (0.97, 1.77) | 1.19 (0.87, 1.64) |
Cohabited | 0.74 (0.27, 2.06) | 0.09 (0.01, 1.04) | 0.77 (0.30, 1.97) | 0.32 (0.06, 1.72) | 0.70 (0.30, 1.62) | 0.81 (0.35, 1.90) | 0.96 (0.38, 2.44) | 0.45 (0.17, 1.17) |
Divorced/ separated | 1.80 (0.74, 4.38) | 1.15 (0.12, 11.54) | 1.53 (0.76, 3.07) | 2.79 (0.33, 23.38) | 1.10 (0.56, 2.17) | 1.40 (0.75, 2.62) | 1.03 (0.52, 2.02) | 1.50 (0.70, 3.22) |
Widowed | 1.24 (0.21, 7.36) | 0.29 (0.02, 5.40) | 0.69 (0.17, 2.81) | 0.51 (0.04, 5.83) | 2.58 (0.69, 9.60) | 2.51 (0.63, 10.06) | 0.54 (0.16, 1.87) | 0.30 (0.08, 1.13) |
Living arrangement | ||||||||
Alone | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
With family | 1.29 (0.70, 2.39) | 6.27** (1.57, 25.00) | 1.46 (0.87, 2.45) | 3.40* (1.27, 9.09) | 2.30** (1.36, 3.88) | 2.12** (1.26, 3.56) | 1.04 (0.62, 1.75) | 1.20 (0.69, 2.08) |
With others | 1.17 (0.43, 3.22) | – | 2.04 (0.85, 4.87) | 2.17 (0.36, 13.17) | 4.59* (2.02, 10.45) | 2.26 (1.00, 5.11) | 1.72 (0.70, 4.23) | 2.16 (0.80, 5.80) |
Education attainment | ||||||||
Lower secondary school | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Higher secondary school | 2.72 (0.76, 9.75) | 13.16* (1.32, 131.35) | 0.85 (0.24, 3.02) | 1.46 (0.12, 17.36) | 0.37 (0.11, 1.21) | 0.49 (0.14, 1.66) | 1.17 (0.34, 4.03) | 1.14 (0.29, 4.56) |
Preparatory course | 3.51 (0.98, 12.57) | 5.74 (0.66, 50.01) | 1.07 (0.30, 3.82) | 1.68 (0.14, 19.87) | 0.37 (0.12, 1.21) | 0.56 (0.17, 1.89) | 0.96 (0.28, 3.30) | 0.83 (0.21, 3.29) |
Undergraduate or above | 3.08 (0.89, 10.65) | 6.81 (0.89, 52.30) | 0.97 (0.28, 3.39) | 1.23 (0.11, 13.41) | 0.39 (0.12, 1.24) | 0.51 (0.15, 1.69) | 1.15 (0.34, 3.88) | 1.03 (0.26, 3.99) |
Work status | ||||||||
Full-time | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Part-time | 0.93 (0.54, 1.60) | 2.74 (0.53, 14.19) | 1.03 (0.65, 1.62) | 1.27 (0.40, 3.98) | 1.02 (0.68, 1.54) | 0.82 (0.54, 1.26) | 1.42 (0.90, 2.26) | 2.02* (1.18, 3.47) |