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Table 3 Mean number of places according to essential service types available in the census tract

From: Social inequalities in the surrounding areas of food deserts and food swamps in a Brazilian metropolis

Census tract features

FOOD DESERT

FOOD SWAMPS

Food deserts and food swamps at the same time(n = 487)a

Yes(n = 1444)

No(n = 2386)

Yes(n = 2240)

No (n = 1590)

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Water supply

General network*+

161.76 ± 99.45

220.11 ± 89.31

219.46 ± 90.61

168.03 ± 98.81

185.87 ± 93.82

Other supply forms

0.22 ± 1.39

0.32 ± 2.13

0.32 ± 2.13

0.22 ± 1.47

0.18 ± 0.82

Garbage collection

Collected garbage*+

160.95 ± 99.85

219.93 ± 89.46

219.32 ± 90.82

167.22 ± 99.11

185.26 ± 94.33

Garbage collected by cleaning service*+

156.12 ± 100.48

217.45 ± 90.53

216.29 ± 92.10

163.38 ± 100.03

179.38 ± 95.85

Garbage collected in cleaning service bucket*

4.83 ± 22.18

2.48 ± 17.51

3.03 ± 19.73

3.84 ± 19.02

5.88 ± 26.72

Others

1.25 ± 9.88

0.72 ± 7.98

0.76 ± 8.63

1.14 ± 8.91

1.19 ± 10.50

Electric power

Permanent private places with electricity*+

162.23 ± 99.53

220.62 ± 89.39

220.06 ± 90.65

168.38 ± 98.88

186.45 ± 93.89

Electricity from distribution company*+

161.06 ± 99.43

220.08 ± 89.47

219.56 ± 90.67

167.20 ± 98.88

185.94 ± 93.72

Permanent private places without electricity

0.07 ± 0.35

0.08 ± 0.34

0.07 ± 0.33

0.08 ± 0.36

0.07 ± 0.31

  1. Note:; * Statistical difference between food deserts and no- food deserts; + Statistical difference between food swamps and no- food swamps; Statistical difference a Comparison as the sectors that are neither deserts nor swamps (S1);p-value calculated by the t-test; p-value < 0,05