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Table 2 Featuring census tracts’ population based on their classification as food deserts and food swamps

From: Social inequalities in the surrounding areas of food deserts and food swamps in a Brazilian metropolis

Census tract features

FOOD DESERT

FOOD SWAMPS

Food deserts and food swamps at the same timea

(n = 487; 12.74%)

Yes(n = 1444; 37.80%)

No(n = 2386; 62.2%)

Yes(n = 2240; 58.50%)

No(n = 1590; 41.50%)

Mean ± SD/ %

Mean ± SD/ %

Mean ± SD/ %

Mean ± SD/ %

Mean ± SD/ %

Income per capita (R$)b*+

631.44 ± 714.10

816.93 ± 857.64

787.85 ± 783.27

689.44 ± 846.43

595.32 ± 655.3

Total Populationb*+

511.88 ± 310.10

683.76 ± 290.95

682.43 ± 294.08

529.54 ± 309.15

590.47 ± 296.74

Number of householdsb*+

162.53 ± 99.57

220.84 ± 89.47

220.28 ± 90.73

168.68 ± 98.92

186.65 ± 93.90

Number literate individualsb*+

457.97 ± 277.18

625.14 ± 261.04

623.97 ± 264.51

474.97 ± 276.21

530.99 ± 265.99

Racec

White*+

43.16

48.38

47.89

44.69

42.18

Mixed*+

55.52

50.45

50.93

54.05

56.55

Asian descendant/Indigenous*+

1.30

1.16

1.18

1.27

1.27

Health Vulnerability Indexd

Low*+

27.70

39.00

37.10

31.30

24.40

Medium*+

31.60

42.10

42.80

31.50

38.60

High*+

40.70

18.90

20.10

37.20

37.00

  1. Note: * Statistical difference between food deserts and no- food deserts; + Statistical difference between food swamps and no- food swamps; Statistical difference; a Comparison as the sectors that are neither deserts nor swamps (S1); b p-value calculated by the t-test, c Result expressed in percentage of individuals and p-value calculated by the chi-square; d Result expressed in percentage of census tract and p-value calculated by the chi-square; p-value < 0,05