Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the clients (n = 32)
Characteristic | Number (%) |
|---|---|
Age | |
< 45 | 5 (15.6) |
45–54 | 5 (15.6) |
55–64 | 12 (37.5) |
65+ | 9 (28.1) |
Did not respond | 1 (3.1) |
Gender | |
Woman | 13 (40.6) |
Man | 18 (56.3) |
Did not respond | 1 (3.1) |
Ethnicity | |
White/Caucasian | 13 (40.6) |
Other | 18 (56.3) |
Did not respond | 1 (3.1) |
Housing statusa | |
Rough sleeping | 0 (0) |
Stable resident of shelter | 14 (43.8) |
Tenuous/Transitional housing | 4 (12.5) |
Community housing | 5 (15.6) |
Private residence | 8 (25) |
Did not respond | 2 (6.3) |
Length of time experiencing housing instability | |
Years | Median = 2.0, IQR = 3.0 |
Did not respond | 7 |
Type of diabetes | |
Type 2 | 28 (87.5) |
Type 1 or Other | 3 (9.4) |
Did not respond | 1 (3.1) |
Length of time living with diabetes | |
Years | Median = 7.0, IQR = 11.5 |
Did not respond | 3 |
Treatment of diabetes | |
Lifestyle (diet and exercise) | 18 (56.3) |
Oral medications | 25 (78.1) |
Injectable medications (including insulin) | 10 (31.3) |
Did not respond | 1 (3.1) |
Diabetes care providers | |
Family doctor | 23 (71.9) |
Specialist doctor (internal medicine, endocrinologist) | 10 (31.3) |
Diabetes nurse | 11 (34.4) |
Diabetes dietician | 10 (31.3) |
Pharmacist | 6 (18.8) |
Other | 8 (25) |
Did not respond | 1 (3.1) |
Diabetes complications | |
Heart disease/heart attacks/strokes | 10 (31.3) |
Foot ulcers (wounds), gangrene, amputations | 3 (9.4) |
Kidney problems (nephropathy) | 6 (18.8) |
Diabetes eye problems (retinopathy) | 9 (28.1) |
Burning, tingling, numbness in toes and feet | 16 (50) |
Did not respond | 8 (25) |
Comorbidities | |
High blood pressure | 19 (59.4) |
High cholesterol | 16 (50) |
Obesity | 16 (50) |
Sleep apnea | 14 (43.8) |
Depression | 16 (50) |
Anxiety problems (panic attacks, general anxiety, phobias) | 16 (50) |
Psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective, delusional disorder) | 6 (18.8) |
Alcohol addiction | 8 (25) |
Drug addiction | 8 (25) |
Did not respond | 4 (12.5) |