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Table 9 Summary of Publications Included in the Realist Analysis Following a Qualitative Analysis. Realist Review on “How Do Breastfeeding Workplace Interventions Work?”

From: How do breastfeeding workplace interventions work?: a realist review

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Lead Author; Publication Year

Osis et al. [49]; 2004

 Study Population

Women working at a public university with access to the institution’s childcare program;

Focus group discussion;

15 women EBF their babies, 15 women whose babies were already being fed with other food besides BM; of these 30 women, 20 agreed to participate in 2 focus group discussions (10 women per focus group discussion)

 Country

Brazil

 Intervention

Childcare at workplace

 Outcomes

Free childcare at the workplace may facilitate EBF once women return to work

Lead Author; Publication Year

Hilliard [23], Chapter 6; 2018

 Study Population

Working women in North Dakota who gave birth to a child between 2014 and 2016 and who attempted to continue BF after RTW;

Predominantly white (97%), married (94%) participants holding a bachelor’s degree or higher (77%);

N = 392

 Country

USA

 Intervention

N/A

 Outcomes

Positive association for BF duration:

 • Maternal self-efficacy for BF and BF duration, p = 0.01

 • Maternal self-efficacy for combining work and BF and BF duration, p = 0.00

 • Maternal comfort to ask for lactation accommodation, p = 0.00

 • Maternal perception of supportive co-worker, p = 0.00

 • Maternal comfort to take lactation breaks, p = 0.00

 • Maternal comfort to adjust break schedule to meet pumping needs, p = 0.00

Negative association for BF duration:

 • Maternal perception that number of hours worked made it difficult to combing BF and working, p = 0.00

 • Maternal perception of insecure job, p = 0.04

NS association for BF duration:

Maternal perception of supportive manager, p = 0.75

  1. BF breastfeeding, BM breastmilk, EBF exclusive breastfeeding, N/A not applicable, NS not significant, RTW return to work