Outpatient | Inpatient | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Log of OOPE | Log of OOPE for Prescription drugs | Log of OOPE | Log of OOPE for Prescription drugs | |||||
Regression coefficient | P value | Regression coefficient | P value | Regression coefficient | P value | Regression coefficient | P value | |
Insurance type (ref: no insurance) | ||||||||
NCMS | − 0.094(− 0.339, 0.152) | 0.455 | − 0.071(− 0.295, 0.152) | 0.532 | − 0.08(− 0.427, 0.267) | 0.652 | − 0.065(− 0.443, 0.314) | 0.738 |
URBMI | 0.012(− 0.312, 0.337) | 0.941 | 0.111(− 0.186, 0.408) | 0.465 | − 0.021(− 0.454, 0.412) | 0.925 | − 0.065(− 0.538, 0.408) | 0.788 |
UEBMI | − 0.338(− 0.642, − 0.035) | 0.029 | − 0.266(− 0.544, 0.011) | 0.060 | − 0.002(− 0.401, 0.398) | 0.993 | 0.035(− 0.4, 0.469) | 0.876 |
Others | −1.173(− 1.626, − 0.72) | < 0.001 | −1.333(− 1.761, − 0.905) | < 0.001 | −1.101(− 1.686, − 0.516) | < 0.001 | − 0.347(− 0.991, 0.298) | 0.292 |
PCE (ref: lowest 20%) | ||||||||
Lower 20% | −0.141(− 0.306, 0.024) | 0.093 | − 0.048(− 0.199, 0.104) | 0.538 | 0.115(− 0.14, 0.371) | 0.376 | −0.085(− 0.366, 0.197) | 0.556 |
Middle 20% | 0.092(−0.07, 0.254) | 0.264 | 0.081(−0.067, 0.23) | 0.283 | 0.182(− 0.066, 0.43) | 0.151 | 0.097(−0.177, 0.372) | 0.486 |
Higher 20% | 0.112(−0.051, 0.275) | 0.178 | 0.131(−0.018, 0.28) | 0.085 | 0.493 (0.255, 0.732) | < 0.001 | 0.222(−0.04, 0.484) | 0.097 |
Highest 20% | 0.391 (0.226, 0.556) | < 0.001 | 0.361 (0.21, 0.512) | < 0.001 | 0.759 (0.523, 0.995) | < 0.001 | 0.326 (0.066, 0.586) | 0.014 |
Employment status (ref: not working) | ||||||||
Retired | −0.156(− 0.712, 0.4) | 0.582 | −0.102(− 0.611, 0.408) | 0.696 | 0.202(− 0.402, 0.806) | 0.513 | − 0.466(−1.127, 0.195) | 0.167 |
Working | − 0.444(− 0.998, 0.109) | 0.116 | −0.407(− 0.915, 0.1) | 0.116 | −0.158(− 0.765, 0.448) | 0.608 | −0.739(− 1.401, − 0.077) | 0.029 |
Education (ref: primary school or below) | ||||||||
Secondary school | − 0.001(− 0.13, 0.128) | 0.988 | 0.011(− 0.107, 0.129) | 0.859 | −0.096(− 0.271, 0.079) | 0.282 | 0.071(− 0.115, 0.257) | 0.456 |
College and above | −0.802(− 1.275, − 0.328) | 0.001 | −0.488(− 0.941, − 0.036) | 0.035 | −0.056(− 0.654, 0.541) | 0.853 | −0.78(− 1.42, − 0.14) | 0.017 |
Age (ref: 45–54 years) | ||||||||
55–64 | − 0.13(− 0.257, − 0.002) | 0.046 | −0.108(− 0.224, 0.008) | 0.069 | − 0.163(− 0.354, 0.027) | 0.093 | −0.162(− 0.368, 0.043) | 0.121 |
65–74 | − 0.208(− 0.361, − 0.056) | 0.008 | −0.145(− 0.285, − 0.005) | 0.042 | −0.425(− 0.64, − 0.21) | < 0.001 | −0.356(− 0.588, − 0.124) | 0.003 |
75 and above | −0.482(− 0.727, − 0.237) | < 0.001 | −0.381(− 0.608, − 0.154) | 0.001 | −0.74(− 1.033, − 0.447) | < 0.001 | −0.498(− 0.814, − 0.181) | 0.002 |
Gender (ref: male) | ||||||||
Female | 0.036(−0.071, 0.143) | 0.508 | 0.021(−0.077, 0.119) | 0.680 | −0.129(− 0.273, 0.016) | 0.081 | −0.106(− 0.261, 0.048) | 0.177 |
Marital (ref: single or divorce or widowed) | ||||||||
Married or cohabitated | 0.212 (0.066, 0.357) | 0.004 | 0.075(−0.059, 0.209) | 0.273 | 0.482 (0.283, 0.681) | < 0.001 | 0.145(−0.069, 0.359) | 0.185 |
Comorbidity (ref: none) | ||||||||
1 NCD | 0.268 (0.095, 0.44) | 0.002 | 0.273 (0.115, 0.432) | 0.001 | 0.159(−0.103, 0.421) | 0.233 | 0.114(−0.172, 0.4) | 0.435 |
2 NCDs | 0.417 (0.243, 0.59) | < 0.001 | 0.425 (0.265, 0.585) | < 0.001 | 0.071(−0.184, 0.326) | 0.584 | −0.005(− 0.283, 0.272) | 0.971 |
> 2 NCDs | 0.46 (0.291, 0.628) | < 0.001 | 0.431 (0.276, 0.586) | < 0.001 | 0.129(−0.111, 0.369) | 0.291 | 0.021(−0.24, 0.281) | 0.877 |
Location (ref: urban) | ||||||||
Rural | 0.091(−0.061, 0.243) | 0.240 | 0.049(−0.084, 0.183) | 0.469 | 0.001(−0.184, 0.187) | 0.988 | −0.349(− 0.554, − 0.144) | 0.001 |
GDP per capita (ref: low) | ||||||||
Middle | −0.131(− 0.312, 0.05) | 0.157 | − 0.104(− 0.273, 0.064) | 0.225 | 0.236(− 0.004, 0.476) | 0.054 | 0.146(− 0.103, 0.395) | 0.251 |
High | − 0.208(− 0.669, 0.254) | 0.378 | −0.064(− 0.498, 0.371) | 0.773 | 0.649 (0.094, 1.204) | 0.022 | 0.605 (0.011, 1.2) | 0.046 |
Year (ref: 2011) | ||||||||
2013 | 0.212 (0.07, 0.354) | 0.003 | 0.137 (0.006, 0.269) | 0.041 | −0.096(−0.297, 0.104) | 0.347 | 0.049(−0.174, 0.272) | 0.664 |
2015 | 0.447 (0.292, 0.602) | < 0.001 | 0.155 (0.011, 0.299) | 0.035 | −0.039(− 0.252, 0.175) | 0.723 | 0.136(− 0.1, 0.371) | 0.258 |
VPC, % | ||||||||
Province | 2.0% | 3.0% | 1.1% | 0.3% | ||||
City | 2.3% | 2.4% | 0.6% | 0.0% | ||||
Community | 1.8% | 1.1% | 1.9% | 3.8% | ||||
Individual | 93.9% | 93.5% | 96.4% | 95.9% |