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Table 3 Distributions and associations of covariates in each trajectory group of antidepressant use among Swedish-borna

From: Trajectories of antidepressant use before and after a suicide attempt among refugees and Swedish-born individuals: a cohort study

Characteristics

Low constant

n (column %)

Low increasing

n (column %)

Medium decreasing

n (column %)

High increasing

n (column %)

p-value of log-likelihood χ2 test

Differenceb in Nagelkerke pseudo R2

All (row percentage)

35,205 (59.7)

6340 (10.8)

11,265 (19.1)

6140 (10.4)

  

Socio-demographic factorsc

 Sex

  Women

13,449 (38.2)

3595 (56.7)

6809 (60.4)

4105 (66.9)

< 0.0001

0.013

  Men

21,756 (61.8)

2745 (43.3)

4456 (39.6)

2035 (33.1)

  

 Age (years)

  20–24

8774 (24.9)

1801 (28.4)

2122 (18.8)

654 (10.7)

< 0.0001

0.002

  25–34

8300 (23.6)

1637 (25.8)

2897 (25.7)

1300 (21.2)

  

  35–44

6399 (18.2)

1089 (17.2)

2388 (21.2)

1402 (22.8)

  

  45–54

6513 (18.5)

1116 (17.6)

2285 (20.3)

1634 (26.6)

  

  55–64

5219 (14.8)

697 (11.0)

1573 (14.0)

1150 (18.7)

  

 Educational level (years)

  Compulsory school (0–9)

8503 (24.2)

1725 (27.2)

3370 (29.9)

1628 (26.5)

< 0.0001

0.001

  High school (10–12)

19,487 (55.4)

3430 (54.1)

5722 (50.8)

3191 (52.0)

  

  College or university (> 12)

6904 (19.6)

1104 (17.4)

2041 (18.1)

1246 (20.3)

  

  Missing

311 (0.9)

81 (1.3)

132 (1.2)

75 (1.2)

  

 Family situation

  Married/cohabiting without children living at home

3893 (11.1)

525 (8.3)

1020 (9.1)

762 (12.4)

< 0.01

< 0.001

  Married/cohabiting with children living at home

6470 (18.4)

897 (14.1)

1382 (12.3)

795 (12.9)

  

  Single/divorced/separated/widowed without children living at home

23,212 (66.0)

4401 (69.4)

7862 (69.7)

4058 (66.1)

  

  Single/divorced/separated/widowed with children living at home

1630 (4.6)

517 (8.2)

1001 (8.9)

525 (8.6)

  

 Type of residential aread

  Big cities

11,158 (31.7)

2020 (31.9)

3529 (31.3)

1973 (32.1)

0.36

< 0.001

  Medium-sized cities

12,215 (34.7)

2427 (38.3)

4346 (38.6)

2407 (39.2)

  

  Small cities/villages

11,832 (33.6)

1893 (29.9)

3390 (30.1)

1760 (28.7)

  

Labour market marginalisation factorsc, e

 Unemployed, 1–180 days

5648 (16.0)

1148 (18.1)

1949 (17.3)

741 (12.1)

< 0.0001

< 0.001

 Unemployed, > 180 days

1225 (3.5)

236 (3.7)

420 (3.7)

134 (2.2)

  

 Sickness absence, 1–90 net days

2989 (8.5)

856 (13.5)

1411 (12.5)

699 (11.4)

< 0.0001

0.013

 Sickness absence, > 90 net days

1441 (4.1)

598 (9.4)

1966 (17.5)

1262 (20.6)

  

 Disability pension

4261 (12.1)

1003 (15.8)

3352 (29.8)

2716 (44.2)

< 0.0001

0.009

Clinical factors

 History of any suicide attemptf

1404 (4.0)

364 (5.7)

1329 (11.8)

771 (12.6)

< 0.0001

0.002

 Method of index attempt (ICD-10 codeg)

  Self-poisoning (X60–69, Y10–19)

11,782 (33.5)

4339 (68.4)

7779 (69.1)

4465 (72.7)

< 0.0001

0.024

  Self-injury (X70–84, Y20–34)

23,423 (66.5)

2001 (31.6)

3486 (30.9)

1675 (27.3)

  

 Mental disorderh at index attempt (ICD-10 codeg)

  Depressive disorders (F32-F34)

813 (2.3)

684 (10.8)

967 (8.6)

700 (11.4)

< 0.0001

0.001

  Bipolar disorders (F30-F31)

226 (0.6)

89 (1.4)

316 (2.8)

184 (3.0)

  

  Anxiety disorders (F38-F48 except F43.1)

919 (2.6)

521 (8.2)

795 (7.1)

536 (8.7)

  

  Post-traumatic stress disorder (F43.1)

21 (0.1)

19 (0.3)

25 (0.2)

16 (0.3)

  

  Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorder (F20-F29)

252 (0.7)

76 (1.2)

131 (1.2)

98 (1.6)

  

  Other mental disorders (F01-F19, F50-F99)

3683 (10.5)

1144 (18.0)

2288 (20.3)

1145 (18.6)

  

  History of specialised healthcare use due to somatic diagnosesi

25,401 (72.2)

4912 (77.5)

9446 (83.9)

5189 (84.5)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Use of psychotropic drug(s)j except antidepressants (ATC codek)

  Neuroleptic drug(s) (N05A)

1982 (5.6)

1040 (16.4)

3285 (29.2)

2327 (37.9)

< 0.0001

0.010

  Anxiolytic drug(s) (N05B)

4899 (13.9)

3023 (47.7)

6088 (54.0)

4095 (66.7)

< 0.0001

0.023

  Hypnotic and sedative drug(s) (N05C)

5897 (16.8)

3112 (49.1)

6832 (60.6)

4342 (70.7)

< 0.0001

0.019

  1. aTrajectory group of antidepressant use according to annual defined daily doses (DDDs) among 58,950 Swedish-born, aged 20–64 years and residing in Sweden who sought inpatient or specialised outpatient healthcare for the index attempt in between 2009 and 2015
  2. bDifference in Nagelkerke pseudo R2 between model including tested variable and model without tested variable. Nagelkerke pseudo R2 for full model including all socio-demographic, labour market marginalisation and clinical factors is 0.389
  3. cAll socio-demographic factors were measured during the year before index attempt except sex and age which were measured at the index attempt
  4. dType of residential area: big cities - Stockholm, Gothenburg and, Malmö; medium-sized cities - cities with more than 90,000 inhabitants within 30 km distance from the centre of the city; small cities/villages
  5. eAll labour market marginalisation factors were measured during the year before index attempt. ‘No unemployment’, ‘No sickness absence’ and ‘No disability pension’ categories are not presented
  6. fMeasured as any inpatient or specialised outpatient healthcare due to suicide attempt during the 3 years before index attempt
  7. gInternational Classification of Diseases version 10 code
  8. hAs main or side diagnosis in specialised healthcare. ‘No diagnosed mental disorder’ category is not presented
  9. iMeasured as any inpatient or specialised outpatient healthcare due to a somatic diagnosis (any ICD-10 code except ‘F’, ‘O’, ‘P’ and ‘Q’ codes) during the 3 years before index attempt. ‘No history of specialised healthcare use due to somatic diagnoses’ category is not presented
  10. jMeasured during the year before index attempt. ‘No neuroleptic drug use’, ‘No anxiolytic drug use’ and ‘No hypnotic and sedative drug use’ categories are not presented
  11. kAnatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system code
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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