From: Health system responsiveness: a systematic evidence mapping review of the global literature
Mechanism / feedback | Total in sub-cluster | Underlying research themes within publications | Example of this mechanism |
---|---|---|---|
Satisfaction surveys/ experience or quality of care surveys (formal) | 82/301 (27%) | Designing surveys/ tools to measure; Empirical measurement of indicators; Response from and within the system or interventions informed by this mechanism | Saadat et al. examines the relationship between a healthcare reform plan and patient satisfaction in hospitals in Iran [137] |
HFCs and hospital boards (formal) | 54/301 (18%) | Legitimizes HFCs in HS, roles and responsibilities; Describes implementation, functioning and processes of mechanism; Impact shown on health services, health outcomes, participation and accountability | Oguntunde et al. assess the effectiveness of HFC (as an intervention) to increase access and utilization of Maternal and Child services in Nigeria [139] |
Complaint management procedures (formal) | 41/301 (14%) | Complaint management process; complaint analysis across time or cross-sectional; Response from and within the system or interventions informed by this mechanism | Gurung et al. analyzed complaint management systems in primary health care in Nepal [18] |
Scorecard/Report Cards (formal) | 37/301 (12%) | Development of scorecard; Implementation and measuring effect of this mechanisms | Ho et al. document the implementation of community scorecards in two provinces of Democratic Republic of Congo [140] |
Incident reporting (formal) | 32/301 (11%) | Incident reporting practices and analysis; Interventions to improve incident reporting; Barriers and facilitators for incident reporting | Gallagher and Kupas, analyzed emergency medical services safety incidents reported on an anonymized web-based reporting system 2003–2010 [141] |
Community Monitoring (formal) | 22/301 (7%) | Technical/theoretical literature on accountability via community monitoring; Documents implementation, and evaluates impact of this mechanism | Shukla and Sinha documents CB monitoring implementation in India, highlighting effects on community mobilization and quality of care [129] |
Data systems (formal) | 18/301 (6%) | Patient views on data system items; Designing and test interfaces/tools to engage user involvement in systems development; Response from the system | Andrews et al. conducted participatory evaluation to create an online data collection and monitoring system for New Mexico’s Community Health Councils [132] |
Intersectoral collaboration (formal) | 18/302 (6%) | Technical or theoretical literature; Effects on system change | Janse van Rensburg et al. explore extent and nature of state/non-state mental health service collaboration in South Africa [142] |
Social media (informal) | 17/302 (6%) | Feedback on experiences of services; Enabling patient participation, monitoring and decision-making | Antheunis et al. examines patients’/professionals’ motives for using social media in health care and barriers and expectations for health-related social media use in the Netherlands [143] |
Social Audits (formal) | 9/302 (3%) | Technical or theoretical literature on accountability that include this mechanism; Implementation of mechanism | Schaaf et al. conduct a realist analysis on the implementation of Citizen Voice and Action program implemented in Zambia [144] |
Medico-Legal (formal) | 9/302 (3%) | The role of judiciaries in enforcing rights; Analysis of litigation cases | Biehl et al. analyzed lawsuits filed against the state in Brazil, affirming the heterogeneity of the judicialization phenomenon [145] |
Patient Charters (formal) | 8/302 (3%) | Implementation of this mechanism | Gurung et al. investigate level of awareness of a Charter and implementation factors in Nepal’s primary health care system [146] |
Citizen Juries (formal) | 5/302 (2%) | Decision-making and policy formation; Health research priorities | Chuengsatiansup et al. examine how citizens’ jury enhance public participation in the development long-term care policy for elders in Thailand [147] |
Ombud (formal) | 3/302 (1%) | Role of ombudsman in complaint management procedure | Gil analyses context of complaints and assessment of institutional violence towards older people by National Inspection Service in Portugal [148] |
Media (informal) | 2/302 (1%) | User views/ feedback interface and complaints; Health advocacy | Cullinan describes implementation of pilot study (OurHealth) on civic journalism in South Africa [149]. |
Social protests (informala) | 2/302 (1%) | Protests action by the public as feedback; Response from system | Sri et al. documents maternal death investigation as response to protest action in India [150] |