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Table 5 Utilization of workplace breastfeeding interventions and its association with breastmilk expression/ pumping behaviors, quantitative studies

From: Breastfeeding at the workplace: a systematic review of interventions to improve workplace environments to facilitate breastfeeding among working women

Author (yr)

Country (City)

Population (n)

Design

Type of BF intervention

Outcome variable

Type of analysis

Effects & associations

Quality assessment

Henry-Moss D, Abbuhl S, Bellini L, Spatz DL. (2018) [46]

USA (Philadelphia)

Women working at

Penn Medicine facility and had pumped milk at work within the previous 5 years (n = 151)

Cross-sectional

-Designated spaces for BF1 or expressing milk

Breast pumping duration

Bivariate

Women who had pumped for at least one child reported reaching their personal pumping goal, and a significantly longer duration.

Very low

Snyder K, Hansen K, Brown S, Portratz A, White K, Dinkel D. (2018) [47]

USA (Nebraska)

Women returning to work while breastfeeding (n = 1002)

Cross-sectional

-Designated spaces for BF or expressing milk

-Flexible scheduling to support milk expression

- Support from colleagues

Breast pumping duration

Chi-square goodness of fit tests.

Breast pumping duration significantly varied with type of work, as well as other factors such as employer support and meeting BF goals.

Very low

Tsai SY. (2014) [48]

Southern Taiwan

Employed mothers at a large electronics manufacturer company in Southern Taiwan (n = 715)

Cross-sectional

-Designated spaces for BF or expressing milk

-Support from colleagues

Use of expression breaks, use of lactation rooms, BF duration

Logistic regression

Significant association between:

-partner’s BF support and use of breaks (AOR2 = 1.43) and use of lactation room (AOR = 1.66),

-partner’s encouragement to use the lactation room and use of breaks (AOR = 6.64); lactation room (AOR = 7.35)

-partner’s encouragement to use milk expression breaks and use of breaks (AOR = 3.23); lactation room (AOR = 2.64)

-partner’s support intention to keep BF and use of breaks (AOR = 2.63=, lactation room (AOR = 2.10)

Partner’s support increased the odds of continuing BF.

Low

Tsai SY. (2014) [49]

Southern Taiwan

Employed mothers at a large electronics manufacturer company in Southern Taiwan (n = 715)

Cross-sectional

-Designated spaces for BF or expressing milk

-Support from colleagues

Use of pumping breaks

Logistic regressions

Associations between use of pump breaks and higher education (AOR = 2.33), type of work station (AOR = 1.51), awareness of pumping breaks (AOR = 4.1), having encouragement of colleagues to use the breaks (AOR = 1.76), better awareness of BF benefits (AOR = 1.08), perceptions that taking the breaks can reduce work efficiency (AOR = 0.55)

Low

  1. 1 BF Breastfeeding, 2AOR Adjusted odds ratio