Table 4 Gender responsiveness of the intervention and services discussed across reviewed literature
Intervention category | Category description | Example | References | Total nr. of studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender neutral | Interventions/programmes which do not recognise gender differences in health needs and health seeking behaviour between men and women and provide undifferentiated health programming and services to men and women. | Studies in this category focused on most national TB and HIV programmes which provide a standardised ungendered health services to men and women [34, 39, 46, 53] | [32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 41,42,43,44, 46, 51,52,53,54,55, 57, 58, 60, 64,65,66,67,68,69, 71,72,73, 75, 78, 81, 83,84,85] | 33 |
Partnering interventions | a form of gender sensitive programming which emphasises the key role of men in health issues of other population groups (women and children) | Most programmes in this group involve family planning programmes that aim to improve women uptake by finding ways to engage their male partners [40, 45, 76]. | 13 | |
Gender sensitive | interventions/programmes which recognize differences in gender health needs and health seeking behaviour and where service delivery is adapted and implemented accordingly without an attempt to change gender norms within recipients | Such programmes have been delivered at facility level or as outreach interventions. In this review, this type of programming has mainly included those that addressed urologic health issues which are intrinsically masculine by nature including circumcision and prostate cancer screening (59, 74, 77, 82 | 8 | |
Gender transformative | interventions where the differences between men and women health needs and health seeking behaviour are recognised, and an attempt is undertaken to change, transform gender norms that are identified as unhealthy for men and women. Here emphasis is put on changing gender norms | interventions have included peer education using model men—male members of the community who have adopted progressive gender norms, to serve as role model [37] | 2 |