Table 4 Incidence and intensity of catastrophic health spending and impoverishment by socio-economic and demographic characteristics in India, 2004–18
Incidence of Catastrophic Health Spending (%) | Intensity of Catastrophic Health Spending | Impoverishment (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | 2014 | 2018 | 2004 | 2014 | 2018 | 2004 | 2014 | 2018 | |
MPCE Quintile | |||||||||
Poorest | 17.95 | 21.94 | 14.51 | 2.50 | 3.40 | 1.84 | 8.83 | 10.44 | 6.53 |
Poorer | 13.15 | 14.24 | 9.46 | 0.82 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 4.99 | 5.52 | 3.36 |
Middle/Secondary | 11.90 | 11.72 | 8.47 | 0.76 | 0.62 | 0.76 | 4.15 | 3.59 | 2.74 |
Richer | 11.63 | 11.36 | 6.88 | 0.74 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 3.65 | 3.04 | 1.80 |
Richest | 11.05 | 10.68 | 6.35 | 0.58 | 0.55 | 0.62 | 3.17 | 2.71 | 1.73 |
Place of residence | |||||||||
Rural | 13.91 | 14.98 | 10.34 | 1.34 | 1.92 | 1.46 | 5.58 | 6.01 | 3.94 |
Urban | 8.67 | 10.22 | 6.56 | 0.87 | 1.08 | 0.83 | 2.89 | 3.17 | 2.04 |
Covered by any health insurance schemes | |||||||||
No Insurance coverage | 12.49 | 13.45 | 9.00 | 1.25 | 1.86 | 1.40 | 4.86 | 5.19 | 3.35 |
Any insurance coverage | 10.30 | 13.31 | 9.54 | 0.91 | 1.04 | 0.93 | 3.30 | 4.65 | 3.20 |
Age of head of household | |||||||||
Lt 30 | 11.47 | 11.55 | 7.18 | 1.22 | 1.09 | 2.28 | 4.90 | 4.33 | 2.66 |
30–44 | 11.05 | 10.79 | 7.17 | 1.42 | 1.79 | 1.00 | 4.24 | 3.93 | 2.52 |
45–59 | 12.09 | 13.09 | 8.40 | 1.11 | 1.47 | 1.13 | 4.45 | 4.94 | 3.14 |
60+ | 16.84 | 20.06 | 16.50 | 1.21 | 2.17 | 1.44 | 6.63 | 7.95 | 6.00 |
Sex of the head of household | |||||||||
Male | 12.34 | 13.19 | 8.87 | 1.20 | 1.48 | 1.18 | 4.73 | 4.91 | 3.19 |
Female | 13.35 | 15.20 | 10.76 | 1.60 | 3.20 | 2.08 | 5.67 | 6.39 | 4.27 |
Educational Attainment of head of household | |||||||||
No education | 12.96 | 15.06 | 10.37 | 1.51 | 2.44 | 1.52 | 5.51 | 6.33 | 3.97 |
up to Primary | 12.77 | 14.46 | 9.53 | 1.21 | 1.43 | 1.06 | 4.84 | 5.32 | 3.46 |
Middle/Secondary | 12.95 | 13.20 | 8.75 | 1.03 | 1.24 | 1.50 | 4.58 | 4.62 | 3.12 |
Higher secondary | 9.03 | 9.24 | 7.36 | 0.74 | 1.15 | 0.95 | 3.03 | 3.14 | 2.53 |
Type of employment of household | |||||||||
Labour | 13.53 | 14.45 | 9.24 | 1.65 | 2.05 | 1.83 | 5.72 | 6.08 | 3.52 |
Self Employed | 7.12 | 10.32 | 7.22 | 0.79 | 1.42 | 0.76 | 2.24 | 3.26 | 1.91 |
Wage/salary | 12.52 | 13.33 | 9.28 | 1.01 | 1.38 | 1.12 | 4.56 | 4.85 | 3.56 |
Others | 14.37 | 19.12 | 12.01 | 1.29 | 2.75 | 1.64 | 5.96 | 8.17 | 4.59 |
Any elderly member in the household | |||||||||
No | 10.95 | 11.24 | 7.32 | 1.15 | 1.41 | 1.12 | 4.26 | 4.21 | 2.65 |
Yes | 16.64 | 19.40 | 15.19 | 1.42 | 2.19 | 1.62 | 6.42 | 7.47 | 5.61 |
Religion of household | |||||||||
Hindu | 12.09 | 13.15 | 8.94 | 1.25 | 1.76 | 1.33 | 4.70 | 5.01 | 3.28 |
Muslim | 14.90 | 14.91 | 9.83 | 1.23 | 1.52 | 1.08 | 6.06 | 5.71 | 3.73 |
Christian | 14.72 | 14.26 | 9.55 | 1.50 | 1.14 | 0.92 | 4.86 | 5.54 | 3.13 |
Sikh | 13.28 | 16.04 | 7.40 | 0.86 | 0.62 | 0.52 | 4.08 | 4.58 | 1.92 |
Others | 9.32 | 11.43 | 15.50 | 1.36 | 4.22 | 3.57 | 3.71 | 3.21 | 4.45 |
Total | 12.45 | 13.43 | 9.10 | 1.25 | 1.71 | 1.31 | 4.83 | 5.09 | 3.32 |