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Table 1 Implemented policy measure as a response to the Great Recession

From: The unequal effects of austerity measures between income-groups on the access to healthcare: a quasi-experimental approach

Policy measure

Country

Changing the level of contributions for publicly financed healthcare

 Cutbacks

IS, IR, IT, GR, PT, ES

 Increasing employee contribution rates

GR, PT, SI

 Increasing or introducing user charges

IR, CH, CZ, DE, ES, FR, GR, IT, LV, NL, PT, SI

 Expanding benefits, targeting low-income groups

IR, AT, FR, IT

Affecting the volume and quality of publicly financed healthcare

 Changing the scope of coverage

IR,EE,, NL, PT

 Changing in the population of coverage

IR

Affecting the costs of publicly financed healthcare

 Reducing the salaries of health professionals

IS, IR, UK, DE, FR, GR, LI, PT, SI.

 Changing in provider infrastructure and capital investment

IS, IR, DE, GR, GR, LI, LV,NL, PT, SI

 Centralization of the healthcare organisations (merging hospitals)

IS, DE, GR, LV, PT, SI

 Reducing the tariffs paid to providers

IR, EE, SI

  1. Sources: own representation of Mladovsky, P., et al. [4]
  2. AT Austria, CH Switzerland, CZ Czech Republic, DE Denmark, EE Estonia, ES Spain, FR France, GR Greece, IR Ireland, IS Iceland, LI Lithuania, LV Latvia, NL the Netherlands, PT Portugal, SI Slovenia, UK United Kingdom