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Table 4 The effect of socioeconomic factors on changes in stunting among children aged 3–59 months in the TDHS 2004/5, 2010 and 2015/6

From: Inequalities in stunting among under-five children in Tanzania: decomposing the concentration indexes using demographic health surveys from 2004/5 to 2015/6

Child stunting

Characteristics

Phase I

2004/5–2010

APR (95% CI)

Phase II

2010–2015/6

APR (95% CI)

Phase III

2004/5–2015/6

APR (95% CI)

Survey year

0.96 (0 .9, 1.0)

0.8 (0.76, 0.88) ***

0.8 (0.74, 0.86) ***

Area of residence

 Urban

1

1

1

 Rural

0.9 (0.8, 0.99)*

1.1 (0.93, 1.21)

0.97 (0.87, 1.08)

Mother’s level of education

 No education

1

1

1

 Primary

0.99 (0.92, 1.06)

0.9 (0.85, 0.97)**

0.99 (0.93, 1.07)

 Secondary

0.8 (`.64, 0.9) **

0.7 (0.63, 0.85) ***

0.9 (0.77, 1.01)

Maternal BMI

  < 18.5

1

1

1

  ≥ 18.5

0.89 (0.82, 0.99)*

0.89 (0.8, 0.97)*

0.96 (0.86, 1.1)

Childbirth weight

 Small

1

1

1

 Average

0.85 (0.77, 0.9)***

0.72 (0.66,0.79)***

0.77 (0.7, 0.83)***

 Large

0.72 (0.66, 0.79)***

0.62 (0.8, 1.1)***

0.63 (0.59, 0.69)***

Wealth quintiles

 Poorest

1

1

1

 Poorer

0.9 (0.85, 1)*

0.9 (0.83, 0.99)*

0.9 (0.87, 1.01)

 Middle

0.88 (0.81, 0.96)*

0.9 (0.82, 0.98)*

0.9 (0.84, 0.99)*

 Richer

0.8 (0.76, 0.9) ***

0.8 (0.71, 0.87) ***

0.8 (0.74, 0.89) ***

 Richest

0.5 (0.44, 0.6) ***

0.6 (0.48, 0.7) ***

0.5 (0.43, 0.59) ***

  1. Adjusted for child age, child sex, child-size at birth; diarrhea status, maternal age, zones, cesarean delivery, marital status, skilled birth attendant, number of ANC visits, and year of interview
  2. * Significant at P < 0.05; ** Significant at P < 0.01; *** Significant at P < 0.001
  3. TDHS represents Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys