Skip to main content

Table 5 Community level healthcare facility breastfeeding interventions among women of color in the U.S.: Prenatal and post-partum

From: Impact of breastfeeding interventions among United States minority women on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review

Study/Setting

Study Design/Data collection

Study Population

Intervention

Outcomes Results

Grade

Messito et al. [60]

Pediatric clinics

Design: RCT

Data: 3rd trimester baseline, chart review and 10 mo p.p. phone survey

N = 533 H (266 intervention and 267 controls), NY

1 prenatal & 8 p.p. individual and group nutrition counseling; delivered by bilingual RD/CLC

Intervention group were more likely to only use breastmilk as milk source for their infant at 10 months p.p.; compared to mothers in the control group

Moderate

Kao et al. [61]

Prenatal clinic

Design: RCT

Data: Baseline, post group sessions, 2 wks p.p. and 3 mo p.p.

N = 99 (53 interv. and 46 control); 44.4% H, 28% W, 14.1 AA; inner-city hospital in the Northeast

Intervention to prevent p.p. depression and increase social support, 4 group and 1 individual p.p.session

No between-group differences for BF initiation. Intervention group BF for longer than controls (54 days vs. 21 days). Intervention group twice as likely to still BF at 3 mo p.p.

Very Low

Watt et al. [62]

Primary Care clinic

Design: Quasi-experimental prospective

Data: Surveys at 1st and 3rd pregnancy trimester; 2, 6, & 12 mo p.p.

N = 61 H (32 interv. and 20 comparison group); Southwest

Nutrition and cooking group classes in pregnancy and at 1 and 3 mo p.p.

At 6 mo mothers from intervention group marginally more likely to BF

Low

Schreck et al. [63]

Prenatal clinic

Design: Pre/post quasi-experimental study

Data: medical record review, phone survey at 1, 3 mo p.p.

N = 330 pre; 84.5% AA, 9.5% W

N = 320 p.p.; 89.7% AA, 9.5% W

10 prenatal BF education sessions by an IBCLCs and 1 p.p. BF support group

BF education positively associated with BF initiation. Intervention mothers more likely to BF and achieve prenatal BF goals.

Low

Efrat et al. [64]

Community Health clinics with WIC programs

Design: RCT

Data: phone surveys at 3rd trimester, 72 h p.p., 1, 3 and 6 mo.

Intervention N = 111 H; Control N = 109 H; LA County

4 phone calls in pregnancy and 17 p.p. calls from lactation educator providing BF education and support up to 6 mo p.p.

No differences in BF initiation, EBF, any BF at 72 h, 1,3, 6 mo.

Very low

  1. Abbreviations: AA African American; AI American Indian; H Hispanic; W White; p.p. postpartum; RCT Randomized Controlled Trial; EBF exclusive breastfeeding; BF breastfeeding; RD Registered Dietitian; CLC Certified Lactation Counselors; IBLC International Board Certified Lactation Consultant