Table 1 Adapted Socioecological Model (SEM)

Individual

-Migration history

-Age

-Income

-Education

-Knowledge about health care in the U.S.

-Beliefs about healthcare

Interpersonal

-Communication with healthcare provider

-Role loss and interpersonal relationships

-Changes to social networks

-Violence, re-traumatization

-Interpretation/ Translation services

-Time spent with providers

Organizational

-Relationships between organizations serving refugees

-Links for interpretation and interpersonal services/relationships

-Logistics of navigating systems (health insurance, transportation)

Community

-Relationships and communication between refugee-serving organizations

renegotiation

-Stress and institutional racism