Does universal health insurance coverage reduce unmet healthcare needs in China? Evidence from the National Health Service Survey

Zhou, Shenping; Huang, Tianyu; Li, Anqi; Wang, Zhonghua

doi:10.1186/s12939-021-01385-7

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 5 Logistic regression of unmet healthcare needs among people living in urban areas

From: Does universal health insurance coverage reduce unmet healthcare needs in China? Evidence from the National Health Service Survey

	Non-use of outpatient services		Non-use of inpatient services		Non-use of physical examination		Early discharge from hospital
	OR	SD	OR	SD	OR	SD	OR	SD
Predisposing factors
Sex, ref.: male	1.148	0.427	0.829	0.391	0.892	0.532	0.804	0.290
Age (years), ref.: ≤30
30–45	1.709	0.743	1.096	0.413	0.934	0.561	2.484	1.509
45–60	1.937**	0.418	1.579	0.735	0.839**	0.211	2.299	1.280
> 60	1.897***	0.502	1.227**	0.186	0.320***	0.094	1.927	1.142
Marital status, ref.: not married	0.749*	0.158	1.177*	0.230	0.801**	0.227	0.876	0.298
Education level, ref.: less than lower secondary
Upper secondary & vocational training	0.902	0.416	0.901**	0.187	0.810***	0.235	0.892*	0.208
Tertiary	0.528**	0.201	0.473***	0.104	0.407***	0.103	0.533*	0.118
Employment status, ref.: employment
Unemployment	1.311**	0.198	1.307***	0.311	1.630*	0.413	1.191	0.413
Retired	1.505	0.479	1.028	0.279	1.419***	0.211	1.485	0.290
Family size, ref.:≤2	0.884	0.517	0.955	0.618	0.997	0.359	0.908	0.305
Enabling factors
Social health insurance, ref.: have no social medical health insurance	0.637**	0.210	0.610**	0.204	0.953*	0.249	0.793**	0.238
Income level, ref.: ≤¥13,334
¥13,334–24,915	0.811	0.167	0.807	0.492	0.992	0.475	1.138	0.523
¥24,915–39,967	0.774	0.225	0.906	0.298	0.758	0.343	0.872	0.503
> ¥39,967	0.804**	0.174	0.588**	0.104	0.479***	0.213	0.849*	0.176
Financial subsidies: ref.: have financial subsidies	1.100	0.590	0.905*	0.228	1.381	0.509	0.871*	0.203
Need factors
Self-reported health status (value on VAS), ref.: excellent
Good	1.588	0.530	1.843	0.998	1.227	0.589	1.408	0.690
Fair	0.990	0.491	1.266	0.680	1.183	0.391	1.249	0.754
Poor	1.098***	0.199	1.320*	0.388	1.909	0.998	1.907	0.904
Depression, ref.: not depressed	1.554**	0.379	1.579**	0.193	1.202*	0.236	1.190*	0.183
Smoking, ref.: smoked	1.073	0.405	1.379	0.590	0.838	0.455	1.093	0.158
Drinking, ref.: drank	0.805**	0.217	0.821*	0.303	1.384	0.849	0.953	0.418
Chronic disease, ref.: 0
One chronic disease	1.326***	0.126	2.075**	0.310	0.522***	0.109	0.973	0.381
Multiple chronic disease	1.182**	0.321	1.912***	0.274	0.256***	0.071	1.278	0.671
Year, ref.:2008
2013	0.891	0.391	0.933	0.438	0.917**	0.208	0.923	0.293
2018	0.502*	0.179	0.827	0.311	0.718**	0.124	0.809**	0.243
Year2013*Social health insurance	0.722	0.439	1.079	0.591	1.145	0.516	0.917	0.448
Year2018*Social health insurance	0.689**	0.173	0.805	0.388	0.947*	0.207	0.675	0.289

Note: *** indicates p value < 0.001, ** indicates p value < 0.01, * indicates p value < 0.05, SD standard deviation, OR odd ratio

Back to article page

ISSN: 1475-9276

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com