Table 3 Adjusted coverage ratios (95%IC, p-value) in indigenous women compared to the reference category, by approach and country (Bolivia & Mexico)
Ethnicity Identification criteria | Approach | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1. Direct references | A2. Adjusted reference groups | A3. Integrate indigenous population | |||||
Coverage ratio | SI vs Non-SI | SIL vs Non-SIL | IH vs Non-IH | SI vs Non-Indigenous | SIL vs Non-Indigenous | IH vs Non- Indigenous | SI or SIL or IH vs Non-Indigenous |
Bolivia | |||||||
Before and during pregnancy | |||||||
Contraceptive use | 0.70 (0.64;0.77) 0.000 | 0.89 (0.81;0.98) 0.013 | 0.61 (0.55;0.67) 0.000 | 0.64 (0.58;0.71) 0.000 | 0.59 (0.52;0.67) 0.000 | 0.59 (0.53;0.65) 0.000 | 0.69 (0.63;0.76) 0.000 |
Antenatal care (skilled provider) | 0.97 (0.95;0.98) 0.000 | 0.99 (0.98;1.01) 0.531 | 0.96 (0.95;0.98) 0.000 | 0.97 (0.95;0.98) 0.000 | 0.97 (0.95;0.99) 0.001 | 0.96 (0.95;0.98) 0.000 | 0.97 (0.96;0.99) 0.000 |
First antenatal care visit in 1st trimester | 0.95 (0.91;0.99) 0.014 | 0.98 (0.93;1.03) 0.433 | 0.92 (0.87;0.96) 0.000 | 0.96 (0.91;1.01) 0.120 | 0.94 (0.89;1.00) 0.067 | 0.94 (0.89;0.99) 0.017 | 0.97 (0.93;1.02) 0.311 |
Four or more antenatal care visits | 0.90 (0.87;0.93) 0.000 | 1.00 (0.96;1.04) 0.900 | 0.90 (0.87;0.93) 0.000 | 0.90 (0.87;0.94) 0.000 | 0.91 (0.87;0.95) 0.000 | 0.90 (0.87;0.94) 0.000 | 0.92 (0.89;0.96) 0.000 |
Birth and postpartum period | |||||||
Skilled birth atendant | 0.90 (0.88;0.93) 0.000 | 0.97 (0.94;1.01) 0.145 | 0.90 (0.87;0.92) 0.000 | 0.91 (0.88;0.93) 0.000 | 0.89 (0.86;0.93) 0.000 | 0.91 (0.88;0.93) 0.000 | 0.93 (0.90;0.95) 0.000 |
Postpartum care visit | 0.95 (0.94;0.97) 0.000 | 0.99 (0.97;1.02) 0.589 | 0.95 (0.93;0.96) 0.000 | 0.96 (0.94;0.98) 0.000 | 0.95 (0.93;0.98) 0.000 | 0.95 (0.94;0.97) 0.000 | 0.97 (0.95;0.98) 0.000 |
Mexico | |||||||
Before and during pregnancy | |||||||
Contraceptive use | 0.96 (0.91;1.02) 0.213 | 0.86 (0.74;0.99) 0.037 | 0.92 (0.83;1.02) 0.114 | 0.97 (0.91;1.03) 0.270 | 0.88 (0.76;1.01) 0.078 | 0.94 (0.85;1.05) 0.255 | 0.98 (0.92;1.04) 0.517 |
Antenatal care (skilled provider) | 0.98 (0.96;1.00) 0.094 | 0.94 (0.88;1.01) 0.084 | 0.95 (0.90;1.01) 0.099 | 0.98 (0.96;1.00) 0.086 | 0.93 (0.88;1.00) 0.038 | 0.95 (0.90;1.00) 0.052 | 0.98 (0.96;1.01) 0.140 |
First antenatal care visit in 1st trimester | 0.99 (0.92;1.07) 0.857 | 0.95 (0.86;1.05) 0.330 | 0.93 (0.83;1.05) 0.243 | 0.99 (0.92;1.06) 0.711 | 0.95 (0.85;1.06) 0.362 | 0.94 (0.83;1.06) 0.322 | 0.98 (0.91;1.06) 0.647 |
Four or more antenatal care visits | 0.98 (0.94;1.01) 0.159 | 0.85 (0.77;0.95) 0.003 | 0.89 (0.81;0.96) 0.005 | 0.97 (0.94;1.00) 0.053 | 0.85 (0.77;0.93) 0.001 | 0.88 (0.82;0.96) 0.002 | 0.97 (0.94;1.00) 0.027 |
Birth and postpartum period | |||||||
Skilled birth atendant | 0.98 (0.96;0.99) 0.011 | 0.88 (0.80;0.96) 0.004 | 0.92 (0.85;0.98) 0.012 | 0.98 (0.96;0.99) 0.008 | 0.87 (0.80;0.95) 0.002 | 0.91 (0.85;0.97) 0.005 | 0.98 (0.96;1.00) 0.022 |
Postpartum care visit | 0.98 (0.96;1.01) 0.149 | 0.91 (0.85;0.98) 0.009 | 0.95 (0.89;1.00) 0.052 | 0.98 (0.96;1.01) 0.144 | 0.91 (0.86;0.98) 0.008 | 0.95 (0.90;1.00) 0.043 | 0.98 (0.96;1.01) 0.160 |