Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the single empty-nest elderly (60+) in rural Shandong, China, 2019
Characteristics | Total | No Chronic Condition | One Chronic Conditions | Multimorbidity | Multimorbidity + frailty | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 606 (100.0) | 137 (22.6) | 240 (39.6) | 173 (28.6) | 56 (9.2) | Â |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.070 |
 Male | 198 (32.7) | 50 (36.5) | 88 (36.7) | 46 (26.6) | 14 (25.0) |  |
 Female | 408 (67.3) | 87 (63.5) | 152 (63.3) | 127 (73.4) | 42 (75.0) |  |
 Age (Years) | 73.1 ± 6.5 | 73.3 ± 6.6 | 73.4 ± 6.6 | 72.4 ± 6.0 | 72.9 ± 6.5 | 0.036 |
Educational attainment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.548 |
 Illiterate | 313 (51.7) | 78 (56.9) | 122 (50.8) | 86 (49.7) | 27 (48.2) |  |
 Primary school | 217 (35.8) | 59 (43.1) | 118 (49.2) | 87 (50.3) | 29 (51.8) |  |
 Middle school or above | 76 (12.5) |  |  |  |  |  |
Household economic statusa | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.005 |
 Low(Q1/Q2) | 303 (50.0) | 83 (60.6) | 123 (51.2) | 70 (40.5) | 27 (48.2) |  |
 High(Q3/Q4) | 303 (50.0) | 54 (39.4) | 117 (48.8) | 103 (59.5) | 29 (51.8) |  |
Cigarette smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.225 |
 Never smoker | 437 (72.1) | 98 (71.5) | 171 (71.2) | 124 (71.7) | 44 (78.6) |  |
 Current smoker | 125 (20.6) | 34 (24.8) | 52 (21.7) | 31 (17.9) | 8 (14.3) |  |
 Former smoker | 44 (7.3) | 5 (3.7) | 17 (7.1) | 18 (10.4) | 4 (7.1) |  |
Alcohol drinking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.013 |
 No | 469 (77.4) | 97 (70.8) | 179 (74.6) | 145 (83.8) | 48 (85.7) |  |
 Yes | 137 (22.6) | 40 (29.2) | 61 (25.4) | 28 (16.2) | 8 (14.3) |  |
Physical exercise | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.020 |
 No | 238 (39.3) | 49 (35.8) | 97 (40.4) | 60 (34.7) | 32 (57.1) |  |
 Yes | 368 (60.7) | 88 (64.2) | 143 (59.6) | 113 (65.3) | 24 (42.9) |  |
Inpatient service | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.010 |
 No | 469 (77.4) | 117 (85.4) | 190 (79.2) | 122 (70.5) | 40 (71.4) |  |
 Yes | 137 (22.6) | 20 (14.6) | 50 (20.8) | 51 (29.5) | 16 (28.6) |  |