Table 4 Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) for the association between neighborhood violence and disorder and anxiety among the total sample of perinatal women in the study (N = 1270)
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | 95%CI | 95%CI | |
Neighborhood violence and disorder | |||||
High severity | 1.83 (1.31.-2.57)*** | 1.44 (1.08–1.91)* | 1.43 (1.08–1.89)** | 1.39 (1.04–1.86)** | 1.25 (0.91–1.71) |
Low severity | 1.54 (1.21–1.96)*** | 1.56 (1.23–1.97)*** | 1.50 (1.19–1.89)*** | 1.41 (1.11–1.79)*** | 1.28 (1.00–1.64)** |
No problem | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ethno-national identity | |||||
Palestinian-Arab | 1.82 (1.23–2.69)** | 2.12 (1.34–3.34)*** | 1.68 (1.09–2.60)** | 1.63 (1.04–2.56)** | |
Jewish | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Neighborhood SES | |||||
Low | 0.57 (0.35–0.93)* | 0.56 (0.36–0.90)* | 0.60 (0.37–0.99)* | ||
Medium | 0.62 (0.41–0.93)* | 0.61 (0.40–0.92)* | 0.61 (0.40–0.93)* | ||
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Neighborhood aggregate discrimination | |||||
High | 1.30 (0.92–1.84) | 1.27 (0.91–1.76) | 1.25 (0.86–1.81) | ||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Social cohesion | |||||
High | 0.62 (0.49–0.77)*** | 0.66 (0.52–0.83)*** | 0.65 (0.52–0.83)*** | ||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Social group membership | |||||
At least one group membership | 1.05 (0.83–1.33) | 1.07 (0.84–1.35) | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | ||
No membership | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Social and political participation | |||||
Participated at least once | 0.93 (0.69–1.26) | 0.94 (0.70–1.26) | 0.83 (0.61–1.14) | ||
Never participated | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Social support | |||||
High | 0.47 (0.38–0.58)*** | 0.50 (0.40–0.63)*** | |||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Chronic Stress | |||||
Missing | 1.43 (0.86–2.37) | ||||
Any | 2.20 (1.75–2.77) *** | ||||
No | 1.00 | ||||
Model fit | 1746.30 | 1734.86 | 1703.19 | 1707.74 | 1639.57 |