Table 1 Individual and neighborhood characteristics of Palestinian-Arab and Jewish women in the study sample and associations with anxiety
Total | Jewish (N = 965) 68.9% | Arab (N = 436) 31.1% | Pa | Anxiety (N = 666) 47.8% | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
Age | < 0.001 | 0.079 | ||||
35–48 | 309 | 257 (26.6) | 52 (12.0) | 140 (45.8) | ||
25–34 | 844 | 624 (64.7) | 220 (50.6) | 398 (46.7) | ||
16–24 | 247 | 84 (8.7) | 163 (37.5) | 133 (54.3) | ||
Country of birth | < 0.001 | 0.827 | ||||
Israel | 1133 | 722 (75.3) | 411 (94.9) | 534 (47.5) | ||
Other | 259 | 237 (24.7) | 22 (5.1) | 125 (48.3) | ||
Marital status | < 0.001 | 0.463 | ||||
Married | 1329 | 901 (93.6) | 428 (98.8) | 629 (47.7) | ||
Unmarried | 67 | 62 (6.4) | 5 (1.2) | 35 (52.2) | ||
Women’s status | < 0.001 | 0.622 | ||||
Not pregnant with ≥3 children | 390 | 282 (29.3) | 108 (24.9) | 181 (46.5) | ||
Not pregnant with 1–2 children | 737 | 569 (59.2) | 168 (38.8) | 350 (47.5) | ||
Pregnant with children | 187 | 82 (8.5) | 105 (24.2) | 91 (50.0) | ||
Pregnant without children | 80 | 28 (2.9) | 52 (12.0) | 42 (53.8) | ||
Education | < 0.001 | 0.095 | ||||
Less than high school | 537 | 259 (26.8) | 278 (63.8) | 274 (51.4) | ||
College and beyond high school | 251 | 188 (19.5) | 63 (14.4) | 116 (47.2) | ||
Bachelor and higher | 613 | 518 (53.7) | 95 (21.8) | 276 (45.0) | ||
Current employment | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 785 | 675 (71.0) | 110 (25.3) | 337 (43.4) | ||
No | 600 | 276 (29.0) | 324 (74.7) | 324 (54.1) | ||
Family income | < 0.001 | 0.154 | ||||
From work | 982 | 642 (66.5) | 340 (78.0) | 467 (47.8) | ||
Social allowances | 79 | 26 (2.7) | 53 (12.2) | 45 (57..7) | ||
Work and another source | 340 | 297 (30.8) | 43 (9.9) | 154 (45.6) | ||
Taking antidepressants | 0.076 | 0.023 | ||||
No | 1364 | 941 (98.2) | 423 (99.5) | 645 (47.4) | ||
Yes | 19 | 17 (1.8) | 2 (0.5) | 14 (73.7) | ||
Chronic stress | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 629 | 454 (47.0) | 175 (40.1) | 229 (36.4) | ||
Any | 610 | 442 (45.8) | 168 (38.5) | 354 (58.0) | ||
Missing | 162 | 69 (7.2) | 93 (21.3) | 83 (54.2) | ||
Social support | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Low | 613 | 305 (31.8) | 308 (71.1) | 372 (61.0) | ||
High | 780 | 655 (68.2) | 125 (28.9) | 292 (37.6) | ||
Neighborhood SES | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Low | 407 | 50 (5.2) | 357 (82.1) | 239 (46.6) | ||
Medium | 471 | 397 (41.4) | 74 (17.0) | 195 (41.5) | ||
High | 516 | 512 (53.4) | 4 (0.9) | 232 (57.1) | ||
Neighborhood aggregate discrimination | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Low | 708 | 577 (65.0) | 131 (30.3) | 306 (43.5) | ||
High | 612 | 311 (35.0) | 301 (69.7) | 330 (54.0) | ||
Social cohesion | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Low | 911 | 594 (62.0) | 317 (73.2) | 476 (52.7) | ||
High | 480 | 364 (38.0) | 116 (26.8) | 188 (39.3) | ||
Informal social control | < 0.001 | 0.049 | ||||
Low | 866 | 521 (54.2) | 345 (79.5) | 429 (49.9) | ||
High | 530 | 441 (45.8) | 89 (20.5) | 235 (44.5) | ||
Social group membership | < 0.001 | 0.968 | ||||
No membership | 915 | 581 (60.3) | 334 (76.8) | 435 (47.8) | ||
At least one group membership | 484 | 383 (39.7) | 101 (23.2) | 230 (47.9) | ||
Social and political participation | < 0.001 | 0.041 | ||||
Never participated | 788 | 435 (45.1) | 353 (81.1) | 393 (50.3) | ||
Participated at least once | 611 | 529 (54.9) | 82 (18.9) | 272 (44.7) |