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Table 1 Absolute and relative inequalities in mortality by cause, 2001–2003 and 2016–2018

From: Deaths of despair: cause-specific mortality and socioeconomic inequalities in cause-specific mortality among young men in Scotland

Cause

2001–2003

2016–2018

N

SII

95% CI

RIIL

95% CI

N

SII

95% CI

RIIL

95% CI

All

4965

301.5

(286.1–318)

1.84

(1.79–1.89)

4126

277.0

(263.1–290.7)

1.94

(1.9–1.97)

External

3058

209.4

(197.4–221.4)

1.28

(1.24–1.31)

2691

197.6

(186.3–208.9)

1.38

(1.34–1.42)

Internal

1907

92.1

(81.8–101.5)

0.56

(0.51–0.6)

1435

79.4

(70.4–87.6)

0.56

(0.51–0.59)

External causes

 Drugs

644

65.4

(60.6–70.1)

0.40

(0.38–0.42)

1281

120.9

(113.9–128.3)

0.85

(0.82–0.87)

 Suicide

1112

62.9

(55.7–69.7)

0.38

(0.35–0.41)

774

34.1

(28.1–39.9)

0.24

(0.2–0.27)

 Alcohol

491

50.1

(45.9–54.2)

0.31

(0.29–0.32)

270

25.0

(21.3–28.4)

0.17

(0.15–0.19)

 Assault

179

20.9

(18.6–23.1)

0.13

(0.12–0.14)

75

7.9

(6.4–9.2)

0.06

(0.05–0.06)

 Other accidentsa

175

8.7

(5.9–11.4)

0.05

(0.04–0.07)

127

6.1

(3.0–9.0)

0.04

(0.02–0.05)

 Traffic accidents

457

1.4

(−3.2–6.6)

0.01

(−0.02–0.04)

164

3.7

(1–6.5)

0.03

(0.01–0.04)

Internal causes

 IHD

348

20.6

(16.8–24.3)

0.13

(0.11–0.14)

202

16.1

(13.2–19)

0.11

(0.1–0.13)

 Cancers

477

8.8

(4–13.7)

0.05

(0.03–0.08)

381

10.6

(5.5–15.4)

0.07

(0.04–0.1)

 Respiratory disease

100

8.3

(6.2–10.1)

0.05

(0.04–0.06)

82

5.2

(3.4–6.9)

0.04

(0.02–0.05)

 Diabetes

53

2.9

(1.7–4.1)

0.02

(0.01–0.02)

73

5.2

(3.4–7.1)

0.04

(0.02–0.05)

 Digestive system disease

115

8.0

(5.8–10.1)

0.05

(0.04–0.06)

66

4.7

(2.8–6.3)

0.03

(0.02–0.04)

 Nervous system disease

98

3.9

(1.8–6.1)

0.02

(0.01–0.04)

100

3.5

(1.4–5.7)

0.02

(0.01–0.04)

 Epilepsy

97

6.1

(4–8.3)

0.04

(0.03–0.05)

49

3.4

(1.7–4.9)

0.02

(0.01–0.03)

 Infections

114

7.7

(5.6–9.9)

0.05

(0.03–0.06)

38

2.9

(1.6–4.2)

0.02

(0.01–0.03)

 CBVD

106

6.1

(3.7–8.3)

0.04

(0.02–0.05)

53

2.7

(0.9–4.5)

0.02

(0.01–0.03)

 Other

399

19.7

(15.6–23.7)

0.12

(0.1–0.14)

391

25.1

(21–29.3)

0.18

(0.15–0.2)

  1. When RIIL is 0, there are no inequalities in mortality and values above zero indicate higher mortality in deprived areas relative to the overall mortality across all socioeconomic groups. An RIIL value of 1 suggests that mortality rates in the most deprived areas are about 50% above average. The maximum value of RIIL is approximately 2, but it may exceed this if inequalities are very high
  2. a Includes accidental poisoning, 5 cases in 2001–2003 and 8 in 2016–2018