Table 1 Social determinants of hypertension

Age in years

Age of the respondents at the time of the interview was categorised into 18–29; 30–39; 40–49; 50+ years

[25,26,27,28]

Sex

Male or female

[25,26,27,28]

Marital status

In-a-union (married or cohabiting); Not-in-a-union (Never married, divorced, separated, or widowed)

[5, 12, 25]

Education levels

No formal; primary incomplete; primary complete; secondary+

[12, 25, 29]

Residence

Urban or rural areas

[5, 25]

Region

Nairobi, Central, Eastern, Western, Nyanza, Coast, Rift Valley, North Eastern

[25]

Occupation

Unemployed, self-employed, paid employment

[12, 25, 29]

Physical activity levels

Data collected based on the WHO Global Physical Activity questionnaire (GPAQ) was analysed according to the GPAQ analysis guide [30] and classified into: low (< 600 metabolic equivalent of task, METS, minutes per week), moderate (600–1500), and high (> 1500 METS minutes per week)

[5, 12, 25]

Current smoker

Current use of tobacco, tobacco products and smokeless cigarette was classified as Yes or No

[14, 25, 31, 32]

Current alcohol use

Current use of any type of alcohol was classified as Yes or No

[14, 25, 33]

Fruits & vegetable intake

Sufficient (≥5 servings); insufficient (< 5 servings)

[25, 27]

Body mass index

Undernutrition (≤18.5 kg/m²), Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), Overweight (≥25–29.9 kg/m²), Obese (≥30 kg/m²)

[25, 28, 34,35,36]