Comparison of out-of-pocket expenditure and catastrophic health expenditure for severe disease by the health security system: based on end-stage renal disease in South Korea

Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics of the study subjects for a 6-year period

Classification	Total		NHI^a)		MA^b)		t or χ² score	p-value
Classification	n	%	n	%	n	%	t or χ² score	p-value
All	305	100	237	100	68	100
Age ± SD	60.1 ± 13.6		61.8 ± 13.5		53.9 ± 12.2		4.63	< 0.0001
Gender
Male	142	46.6	99	41.8	43	63.2	9.78	0.002
Female	163	53.4	138	58.2	25	36.8	9.78	0.002
Age
< 65 years	182	59.7	127	53.6	55	80.9	16.36	<.0001
≥65 years	123	40.3	110	46.4	13	19.1	16.36	<.0001
Survey year
2008	34	11.2	26	11.0	8	11.8	0.98	0.964
2009	47	15.4	37	15.6	10	14.7
2010	56	18.4	43	18.1	13	19.1
2011	60	19.7	46	19.4	14	20.6
2012	52	17.1	39	16.5	13	19.1
2013	56	18.4	46	19.4	10	14.7
Type of healthcare service^c)
Dialysis (HD or PD)	128	42.0	93	39.2	35	51.5	4.39	0.11
Kidney transplantation	21	6.9	19	8.0	2	2.9
Conservative care	156	51.2	125	52.7	31	45.6
Total household income decile ±SD	4.1 ± 2.7		4.5 ± 2.8		2.6 ± 1.6		7.36	<.0001
Number of comorbidities ±SD	4.6 ± 2.7		4.5 ± 2.6		5.0 ± 3.0		−1.24	0.21

^a)National Health Insurance
^b)Medical Aid, type 1 for individuals incapable of working (n = 55) and type 2 for those capable of working (n = 13)
^c)In terms of the type of healthcare service, dialysis indicates that the patient had already been registered for dialysis by law, and kidney transplantation indicates that the patient had already been registered for kidney transplantation by law. However, conservative treatment indicates that the patient had ESRD but was not subject to registration by law

ISSN: 1475-9276