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Table 2 Distribution of end of life suffering outcomes in the sample and by socio-economic status

From: Socio-economic inequalities in suffering at the end of life among advanced cancer patients: results from the APPROACH study in five Asian countries

 

Full sample

China

India

Myanmar†‡

Sri Lanka

Vietnam†

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

N

1378

183

601

194

200

200

Physical suffering (n = 1321)

46.3 (22.6)

32.6 (21.6)

49.2 (20.8)

38.7 (20.0)

52.4 (25.4)

48.1 (21.0)

 By economic status of household

  Low

50.9 (22.2)

45.5 (23.3)

48.2 (21.9)

44.1 (18.3)

65.8 (24.7)

52.6 (17.5)

  Middle

46.4 (21.3)

33.6 (19.4)

50.3 (19.2)

36.6 (19.6)

47.8 (23.7)

49.7 (21.4)

  High

40.0 (24.0)

29.8 (22.5)

47.5 (22.7)

34.8 (25.5)

45.5 (24.2)

40.4 (22.5)

 By education

  Lowest education quintile

46.3 (21.6)

33.1 (21.4)

49.4 (20.2)

39.2 (19.0)

55.5 (25.7)

46.9 (19.8)

  Highest education quintile

43.3 (23.2)

33.8 (27.1)

43.8 (21.6)

33.7 (23.6)

52.3 (25.9)

48.5 (20.9)

Functional suffering (n = 1322)

51.9 (22.2)

39.5 (22.0)

58.7 (21.7)

56.2 (17.7)

49.2 (19.0)

43.4 (20.8)

 By economic status of household

  Low

58.9 (20.6)

49.8 (25.1)

62.8 (21.0)

60.7 (17.4)

60.3 (17.4)

46.8 (17.6)

  Middle

50.9 (20.8)

42.5 (20.7)

55.4 (21.2)

55.5 (16.8)

46.9 (17.7)

45.1 (21.4)

  High

45.2 (24.6)

35.2 (21.8)

59.7 (23.2)

46.0 (21.1)

37.9 (17.3)

36.8 (22.4)

 By education

  Lowest education quintile

57.4 (20.5)

39.0 (21.2)

64.6 (17.2)

57.6 (17.6)

54.8 (16.6)

44.0 (21.4)

  Highest education quintile

48.0 (22.5)

39.9 (21.2)

51.5 (22.7)

52.9 (21.6)

43.8 (18.2)

41.7 (23.5)

Pain severity (n = 1183)

28.9 (23.7)

15.1 (19.1)

33.2 (20.4)

25.3 (25.6)

34.7 (26.4)

30.2 (23.4)

 By economic status of household

  Low

33.4 (22.8)

26.3 (19.5)

31.6 (20.7)

30.2 (25.3)

41.3 (26.3)

35.7 (21.4)

  Middle

28.5 (23.7)

15.2 (19.3)

33.1 (19.1)

24.0 (27.0)

31.3 (26.6)

31.7 (23.5)

  High

24.1 (23.7)

13.3 (18.5)

36.0 (22.3)

16.8 (23.7)

35.7 (24.7)

21.3 (23.4)

 By education

  Lowest education quintile

29.4 (22.7)

15.7 (18.5)

33.3 (19.3)

25.8 (25.9)

31.1 (25.4)

33.7 (25.3)

  Highest education quintile

26.2 (24.1)

13.4 (21.0)

31.5 (20.2)

18.0 (26.2)

28.7 (28.8)

29.6 (25.7)

Psychological suffering (n = 990)

36.3 (19.9)

19.5 (16.4)

40.5 (18.0)

–

39.0 (20.7)

–

 By economic status of household

  Low

46.2 (21.1)

26.0 (17.6)

45.8 (20.0)

–

53.5 (22.1)

–

  Middle

34.8 (17.7)

21.5 (17.1)

38.2 (16.3)

 

34.9 (17.7)

 

  High

27.6 (17.9)

17.0 (15.4)

36.0 (15.9)

 

28.7 (14.9)

 

 By education

  Lowest education quintile

37.8 (19.7)

18.2 (15.4)

41.1 (17.6)

–

44.9 (20.8)

–

  Highest education quintile

33.5 (17.1)

22.9 (15.7)

35.3 (16.6)

 

36.3 (17.4)

 

Social suffering (n = 1322)

31.6 (19.7)

23.1 (15.7)

38.4 (20.4)

33.7 (15.0)

27.0 (19.5)

22.8 (16.2)

 By economic status of household

  Low

36.4 (19.6)

28.8 (13.4)

40.4 (20.3)

37.5 (16.5)

36.9 (20.3)

25.0 (16.6)

  Middle

29.4 (19.1)

22.6 (16.1)

34.9 (19.8)

32.8 (14.2)

23.7 (17.8)

21.9 (17.6)

  High

29.9 (19.9)

22.5 (15.7)

43.7 (20.5)

28.3 (14.2)

21.2 (18.3)

21.7 (13.1)

 By education

  Lowest education quintile

34.9 (19.3)

23.6 (16.8)

40.7 (18.3)

34.2 (16.5)

32.1 (19.8)

22.1 (17.8)

  Highest education quintile

30.9 (18.9)

27.5 (19.2)

35.0 (19.3)

34.3 (13.8)

24.1 (19.8)

20.3 (13.0)

Spiritual suffering (n = 1191)

36.8 (19.9)

25.0 (18.6)

39.3 (18.3)

–

43.6 (23.1)

33.3 (17.7)

 By economic status of household

  Low

44.6 (20.3)

32.8 (22.5)

44.0 (17.5)

–

60.5 (23.4)

35.9 (17.7)

  Middle

34.4 (18.3)

26.5 (17.5)

34.7 (17.5)

 

39.3 (17.8)

34.0 (17.8)

  High

32.3 (20.1)

22.8 (18.4)

42.7 (19.0)

 

29.3 (17.4)

29.2 (17.1)

 By education

  Lowest education quintile

38.8 (19.9)

23.9 (17.0)

40.5 (18.4)

–

52.9 (21.9)

35.9 (18.1)

  Highest education quintile

32.8 (17.2)

29.0 (17.9)

34.9 (16.9)

 

30.8 (19.2)

29.6 (15.6)