TY - STD TI - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Protection and promotion of the rights of children working and/or living on the street. Geneva: United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights; 2012. ID - ref1 ER - TY - STD TI - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. General comment No. 21 (2017) on children in street situations. CRC/C/GC/21 Geneva, Switzerland; 2017. ID - ref2 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woan, J. AU - Lin, J. AU - Auerswald, C. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - The health status of street children and youth in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the literature JO - J Adolesc Heal VL - 53 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.013 DO - 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.013 ID - Woan2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Embleton, L. AU - Mwangi, A. AU - Vreeman, R. AU - Ayuku, D. AU - Braitstein, P. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - The epidemiology of substance use among street children in resource-constrained settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis JO - Addiction VL - 108 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12252 DO - 10.1111/add.12252 ID - Embleton2013 ER - TY - STD TI - Embleton L, Lee H, Gunn J, Ayuku D, Braitstein P. Causes of child and youth homelessness in developed and developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170:435–44. ID - ref5 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sorber, R. AU - Winston, S. AU - Koech, J. AU - Ayuku, D. AU - Hu, L. AU - Hogan, J. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Social and economic characteristics of street youth by gender and level of street involvement in Eldoret, Kenya JO - PLoS One VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097587 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0097587 ID - Sorber2014 ER - TY - STD TI - Bhukuth A, Ballet J. Children of the street: why are they in the street? How do they live? Econ. Sociol. 2015;8(4):134–48. ID - ref7 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abebe, T. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Earning a living on the margins: begging, street work and the socio-spatial experiences of children in Addis Ababa JO - Geogr Ann Ser B Hum Geogr VL - 90 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.292.x DO - 10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.292.x ID - Abebe2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Braitstein, P. AU - Ayuku, D. AU - DeLong, A. AU - Makori, D. AU - Sang, E. AU - Tarus, C. PY - 2019 DA - 2019// TI - HIV prevalence in young people and children living on the streets, Kenya JO - Bull World Health Organ VL - 97 UR - https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.210211 DO - 10.2471/BLT.18.210211 ID - Braitstein2019 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - The Chronic Urban Emergency in Rift Valley Kenya: Report from Profiling Children Connected to the Streets in Rift Valley Province PB - Save the Children / UNICEF CY - London ID - ref10 ER - TY - STD TI - Republic of Kenya Department of Children Services Mombasa. Report on street-connected children headcount mombasa county. Mombasa, Kenya; 2018. ID - ref11 ER - TY - STD TI - Gayapersad A, Embleton L, Shah P, Kiptui R, Ayuku D, Braitstein P. Using a sociological conceptualization of stigma to explore the social process of stigmatization and discrimination of street-connected children and youth in Kenya. under Rev. ID - ref12 ER - TY - STD TI - Human Rights Watch. JUVENILE INJUSTICE: Police abuse and detention of street children in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya; 1997. ID - ref13 ER - TY - STD TI - Suda C. Street children in Nairobi and the African cultural ideology of kin-based support system: Change and challenge. Child Abus. Rev; 1997;6:199–217. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=1999-00066-003&site=ehost-live. UR - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=1999-00066-003&site=ehost-live ID - ref14 ER - TY - STD TI - Atwoli L, Ayuku D, Hogan J, Koech J, Vreeman R, Ayaya S, et al. Impact of domestic care environment on trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder among orphans in Western Kenya. PLoS one. 2014;9:e89937. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24625395. UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24625395 ID - ref15 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Winston, S. E. AU - Chirchir, A. K. AU - Muthoni, L. N. AU - Ayuku, D. AU - Koech, J. AU - Nyandiko, W. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections including HIV in street involved adolescents in western Kenya JO - Sex Transm Infect VL - 91 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2014-051797 DO - 10.1136/sextrans-2014-051797 ID - Winston2015 ER - TY - STD TI - Embleton L, Ayuku D, Atwoli L, Vreeman R, Braitstein P. Knowledge, attitudes, and substance use practices among street children in Western Kenya. Subst Use Misuse. 2012;47(11):1234–47. ID - ref17 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Embleton, L. AU - Wachira, J. AU - Kamanda, A. AU - Naanyu, V. AU - Winston, S. AU - Ayuku, D. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - “Once you join the streets you will have to do it”: sexual practices of street children and youth in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya JO - Reprod Health VL - 12 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-015-0090-z DO - 10.1186/s12978-015-0090-z ID - Embleton2015 ER - TY - STD TI - Wachira J, Kamanda A, Embleton L, Naanyu V, Ayuku D, Braitstein P. “Pregnancy has its advantages”: the voices of street connected children and youth in Eldoret, Kenya. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0150814. ID - ref19 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaime-Atterhög, W. AU - Lindmark, G. AU - Persson, L. -. Å. AU - Ahlberg, B. M. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Burning “Centre bolt”: experiences of sexually transmitted infections and health care seeking behaviour described by street boys in urban Kenya JO - Child Youth Serv Rev VL - 29 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.01.005 DO - 10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.01.005 ID - Kaime-Atterhög2007 ER - TY - STD TI - Goldblatt A, Kwena Z, Lahiff M, Agot K, Minnis A, Prata N, et al. Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among street boys in Kisumu, Kenya. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140005. ID - ref21 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cottrell-Boyce, J. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - The role of solvents in the lives of Kenyan street children: an ethnographic perspective JO - Afr J Drug Alcohol Stud VL - 9 ID - Cottrell-Boyce2010 ER - TY - STD TI - Seidel S, Chang J, Mwongera GM, Gitari S, Goodman ML. Vulnerability of street-involved children and youth in semi-rural Kenya: does orphan status matter? Vulnerable Child. Youth Stud. 2017;. ID - ref23 ER - TY - STD TI - Embleton L, Ayuku D, Makori D, Kamanda A, Braitstein P. Causes of death among street-connected children and youth in Eldoret, Kenya. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2018;18:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-018-0160-8. ID - ref24 ER - TY - STD TI - Kibel M, Pierzchalski J, Gorfinkel L, Embleton L, Ayuku D, Hogg R, et al. Standardized Mortality Ratio Between Street-Connected Youth and the General Youth Population in an Urban Setting in Sub-Saharan Africa. Press. 2020;. ID - ref25 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaime-Atterhög, W. AU - Ahlberg, B. M. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Are street children beyond rehabilitation? Understanding the life situation ofstreet boys through ethnographic methods in Nakuru, Kenya JO - Child Youth Serv Rev VL - 30 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.04.003 DO - 10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.04.003 ID - Kaime-Atterhög2008 ER - TY - STD TI - Auerswald C, Kwena ZA, Ochieng JH, Bukusi EA. Life cycle of street children in Kisumu, Kenya. 2nd, Suppl. ed. Impact Trauma Teens Build. Saf. Net. USA; 2012. p. S5. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X11003843. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X11003843 ID - ref27 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aptekar, L. AU - Ciano-Federoff, L. M. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Street children in Nairobi: gender differences in mental health JO - New Dir Child Adolesc Dev VL - 1999 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219998505 DO - 10.1002/cd.23219998505 ID - Aptekar2000 ER - TY - STD TI - Solar O, Irwin A. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 (Policy and Practice). Geneva, Switzerland; 2010. ID - ref29 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 1990 DA - 1990// TI - Convention on the rights of the child PB - United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights CY - Geneva ID - ref30 ER - TY - STD TI - UN. Signatures and Ratifications of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York; [cited 2019 Sep 30]. Available from: https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en. UR - https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en ID - ref31 ER - TY - STD TI - National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney General. The Children Act: Chapter 141. Kenya; 2012. Available from: http://www.kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/ChildrenAct_No8of2001.pdf. UR - http://www.kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/ChildrenAct_No8of2001.pdf ID - ref32 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Einterz, R. M. AU - Kimaiyo, S. AU - Mengech, H. N. K. AU - Khwa-Otsyula, B. O. AU - Esamai, F. AU - Quigley, F. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Responding to the HIV pandemic: the power of an academic medical partnership JO - Acad Med VL - 82 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3180cc29f1 DO - 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3180cc29f1 ID - Einterz2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mykhalovskiy, E. AU - Eakin, J. AU - Beagan, B. AU - Beausoleil, N. AU - Gibson, B. E. AU - Macdonald, M. E. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Beyond bare bones: Critical, theoretically engaged qualitative research in public health JO - Can J Public Health VL - 109 UR - https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0154-2 DO - 10.17269/s41997-018-0154-2 ID - Mykhalovskiy2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eakin, J. M. AU - Mykhalovskiy, E. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Reframing the evaluation of qualitative health research: reflections on a review of appraisal guidelines in the health sciences JO - J Eval Clin Pract VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2753.2003.00392.x DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2753.2003.00392.x ID - Eakin2003 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Creswell, J. W. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five traditions PB - Sage Publications CY - Thousand Oaks ID - Creswell2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sandelowski, M. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - Focus on qualitative methods sample size in qualitative JO - Res Nurs Health VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770180211 DO - 10.1002/nur.4770180211 ID - Sandelowski1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Icenogle, G. AU - Steinberg, L. AU - Duell, N. AU - Chein, J. AU - Chang, L. AU - Chaudhary, N. PY - 2019 DA - 2019// TI - Adolescents’ cognitive capacity reaches adult levels prior to their psychosocial maturity: evidence for a “maturity gap” in a multinational, cross-sectional sample JO - Law Hum Behav VL - 43 UR - https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000315 DO - 10.1037/lhb0000315 ID - Icenogle2019 ER - TY - STD TI - Embleton L, Ott M, Wachira J, Naanyu V, Kamanda A, Makori D, et al. Adapting ethical guidelines for adolescent health research to street-connected children and youth in low- and middle-income countries: a case study from western Kenya. BMC Med Ethics. 2015;16. ID - ref39 ER - TY - STD TI - AFP. Street children struggle for survival in Kenya. Dly. Nation. Nairobi, Kenya; 2016 Apr 14; Available from: https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Street-children-struggle-for-survival-in-Kenya/1056-3158442-147dkpdz/index.html. UR - https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Street-children-struggle-for-survival-in-Kenya/1056-3158442-147dkpdz/index.html ID - ref40 ER - TY - STD TI - Nyassi DT. Report shows many Mombasa street children radicalised. Dly. Nation. Nairobi, Kenya; 2016 Apr 20; Available from: https://www.nation.co.ke/counties/mombasa/Mombasa-street-children-radicalised/1954178-3167790-hkp7jd/index.html. UR - https://www.nation.co.ke/counties/mombasa/Mombasa-street-children-radicalised/1954178-3167790-hkp7jd/index.html ID - ref41 ER - TY - STD TI - Odenyo A. Increase in street children posing security threat to Nairobi residents. Stand. Digit. Nairobi, Kenya; 2017; Available from: https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001252883/increase-in-street-children-posing-security-threat-to-nairobi-residents. UR - https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001252883/increase-in-street-children-posing-security-threat-to-nairobi-residents ID - ref42 ER - TY - STD TI - Ollinga M. 80 street children rescued, 120 adults residing in Eldoret streets arrested. Stand. Digit. Nairobi, Kenya; 2017; Available from: https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001263624/undefined. UR - https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001263624/undefined ID - ref43 ER - TY - STD TI - Ombati C. Police ask Governor Sonko to deal with street families to address crime. Stand. Digit. Nairobi, Kenya; 2018; Available from: https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001266876/police-ask-governor-sonko-to-deal-with-street-families-to-address-crime. UR - https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001266876/police-ask-governor-sonko-to-deal-with-street-families-to-address-crime ID - ref44 ER - TY - STD TI - Blomfield A. Revealed: how raid by Kenyan police drove street children to their deaths. Guard. Eldoret, Kenya; 2016; Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/10/exposed-kenyan-polices-brutal-attacks-on-street-children. UR - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/10/exposed-kenyan-polices-brutal-attacks-on-street-children ID - ref45 ER - TY - STD TI - Walloga L. Governments have a duty to protect children. Dly. Nation. Nairobi, Kenya; 2015 Dec 31; Available from: https://www.nation.co.ke/oped/opinion/Governments-have-a-duty-to-protect-children/440808-3015234-vefsqpz/index.html. UR - https://www.nation.co.ke/oped/opinion/Governments-have-a-duty-to-protect-children/440808-3015234-vefsqpz/index.html ID - ref46 ER - TY - STD TI - Omulo C. Fate of arrested 470 street children unknown. Dly. Nation. Nairobi, Kenya; 2017 Jun 13; Available from: https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Fate-of-arrested-470-street-children-unknown/1056-3967442-3j0vt2z/index.html. UR - https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Fate-of-arrested-470-street-children-unknown/1056-3967442-3j0vt2z/index.html ID - ref47 ER - TY - STD TI - Ndanyi M. Governor Mandago kicks 3,000 street children and beggars out of Eldoret. Star. Nairobi, Kenya; 2017;. ID - ref48 ER - TY - STD TI - Magut S. Eldoret street children recall night of horror. Star. Nairobi, KenyaM; 2015 Oct 21; Available from: https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2015/10/21/eldoret-street-children-recall-night-of-horror_c1226024. UR - https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2015/10/21/eldoret-street-children-recall-night-of-horror_c1226024 ID - ref49 ER - TY - STD TI - Cherono S. Nairobi police arrest, lock up 470 street children. Dly. Nation [Internet]. Nairobi, Kenya; 2017 May 24; Available from: https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Police-arrest-470-street-children/1056-3939482-34um28/. UR - https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Police-arrest-470-street-children/1056-3939482-34um28/ ID - ref50 ER - TY - STD TI - Republic of Kenya. TWELFTH PARLIAMENT (no. 033) – (THIRD SESSION) THE SENATE ORDER PAPER. TWELFTH Parliam. – (THIRD Sess. Senat. ORDER Pap. Nairobi, Kenya: Republic of Kenya; 2019. ID - ref51 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Green, J. AU - Thorogood, N. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Qualitative methods for Health Research PB - Sage Publications CY - Thousand Oaks ID - Green2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Esposito, N. PY - 2001 DA - 2001// TI - From meaning to meaning: on non-English focus group research JO - Qual Health Res VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/104973201129119217 DO - 10.1177/104973201129119217 ID - Esposito2001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tilley, S. A. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - “Challenging” research practices: turning a critical lens on the work of transcription JO - Qual Inq VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800403255296 DO - 10.1177/1077800403255296 ID - Tilley2003 ER - TY - STD TI - Coffey A, Atkinson P. Concepts and coding. In: Coffey A, Atkinson P, editors. Mak. sense Qual. data Complement. Res. Strateg. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 1996. p. 26–53. ID - ref55 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Denzin, N. K. PY - 1970 DA - 1970// TI - The research act: a theoretical introduction to sociological methods PB - Aldine CY - Chicago ID - Denzin1970 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kitto, S. C. AU - Chesters, J. AU - Grbich, C. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Quality in qualitative research JO - Med J Aust VL - 188 UR - https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01595.x DO - 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01595.x ID - Kitto2008 ER - TY - STD TI - Corner L. Gender-sensitive and Pro-poor Indicators of Good Governance: background paper to the UNDP Oslo Governance Centre and Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR) International workshop on engendering and empowering governance indicators, New Delhi. 2005. Available from: http://www2.unwomen.org/-/media/files/unwomen/grb/resources/gender-sensitive and pro-poor indicators of good governance.pdf?vs=5155. ID - ref58 ER - TY - STD TI - Bank W. GDP Growth (annual %). Kenya - World Bank Open Data. 2018 [cited 2018 Jan 23]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=KE. UR - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=KE ID - ref59 ER - TY - STD TI - Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Consumer Price Indices (CPI) and Inflation Rates of Kenya. Consum. Price Indices Inflat. Rates Kenya. [cited 2018 Jan 23]. Available from: http://kenya.opendataforafrica.org/ltziiob/consumer-price-indices-cpi-and-inflation-rates-of-kenya. UR - http://kenya.opendataforafrica.org/ltziiob/consumer-price-indices-cpi-and-inflation-rates-of-kenya ID - ref60 ER - TY - STD TI - Bryant JH. Kenya’s cash transfer program: protecting the health and human rights of orphans and vulnerable children. Heal. Hum rights. 2009/01/01. 2009;11:65–76. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20845842. UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20845842 ID - ref61 ER - TY - STD TI - Ajulu R. Politicised ethnicity, competitive politics and conflict in Kenya: a historical perspective. Afr Stud. 2002. ID - ref62 ER - TY - STD TI - Republic of Kenya. Children Act. Kenya; 2012. ID - ref63 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Palmqvist, E. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Children’s rights in Kenya – an analysis based on the CRC reports ID - Palmqvist2006 ER - TY - STD TI - Human Rights Watch. “Where do you want us to go?”: Abuses against Street Children in Uganda. 2014. ID - ref65 ER - TY - STD TI - Human Rights Watch. Children of the dust. Abuse of Hanoi street children in detention. New York, New York, Human Rights Watch, 2006 Nov.; 2006. Available from: http://hrw.org/reports/2006/vietnam1106/vietnam1106web.pdf. UR - http://hrw.org/reports/2006/vietnam1106/vietnam1106web.pdf ID - ref66 ER - TY - STD TI - Human Rights Watch. [Swept away. Street children illegally detained in Kigali, Rwanda]. New York, New York, Human Rights Watch, 2006 May.; 2006. Available from: http://hrw.org/french/backgrounder/2006/rwanda0506/rwanda0506fr.pdf. UR - http://hrw.org/french/backgrounder/2006/rwanda0506/rwanda0506fr.pdf ID - ref67 ER - TY - STD TI - Human Rights Watch. What future? Street children in the Democratic Republic of Congo. New York, New York, Human Rights Watch, 2006 Apr.; 2006. Available from: http://hrw.org/reports/2006/drc0406/drc0406webwcover.pdf;http://hrw.org/french/reports/2006/drc0406/. UR - http://hrw.org/french/reports/2006/drc0406/ ID - ref68 ER - TY - STD TI - Ray P, Davey C, Nolan P. Still on the street - still short of rights: analysis of policy and programmes related to street involved children. London; 2011. ID - ref69 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kozloff, N. AU - Adair, C. E. AU - Palma Lazgare, L. I. AU - Poremski, D. AU - Cheung, A. H. AU - Sandu, R. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - “Housing first” for homeless youth with mental illness JO - Pediatrics VL - 138 UR - https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1514 DO - 10.1542/peds.2016-1514 ID - Kozloff2016 ER - TY - STD TI - Court J, Mendizabal E, Osborne D, Young J. Policy Engagement: How Civil Society Can be More Effective. Overseas Development Institute. 2006. Available at: https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/200.pdf. UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/200.pdf ID - ref71 ER -