Table 3 Distribution of health outcomes according to the baseline SNI, stratified by sex/gender
Health outcomes | Total (n = 3060) | Mean social network index (SNI): 4.2 (1.1) | Low SNI (n = 1840, 61%) | High SNI (n = 1220, 39%) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 890, 29%) | Women (n = 950, 31%) | Men (n = 587, 19%) | Women (633 (21%) | |||||
n (%) or mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | |||
Pathologies | NCD morbidity | |||||||
Yes | 497 (16) | 4.19 (1.13) | 134 (47) | 152 (53) | 107 (51) | 104 (49) | ||
No | 2563 (84) | 4.14 (1.14) | 756 (49) | 790 (51) | 480 (47) | 537 (53) | 0.353 | |
Asthma | ||||||||
Yes | 95 (3) | 3.97 (1.02) | 22 (35) | 41 (65) | 20 (63) | 12 (37) | ||
No | 2965 (97) | 4.16 (1.14) | 868 (49) | 909 (51)* | 567 (48) | 621 (52) | 0.211 | |
Other chronic lung diseases | ||||||||
Yes | 67 (2) | 3.74 (1.06) | 26 (51) | 25 (49) | 10 (63) | 6 (38) | ||
No | 2993 (98) | 4.16 (1.14)* | 864 (48) | 925 (52) | 577 (48) | 627 (52) | 0.007 | |
Cancer or malignant tumours | ||||||||
Yes | 21 (1) | 4.9 (0.89) | 3 (43) | 4 (57) | 6 (43) | 8 (57) | ||
No | 3039 (99) | 4.15 (1.14)* | 887 (48) | 938 (52) | 581 (48) | 633 (52) | 0.012 | |
Diabetes or high blood sugar | ||||||||
Yes | 205 (7) | 4.32 (1.17) | 52 (49) | 55 (51) | 51 (52) | 47 (48) | ||
No | 2855 (93) | 4.14 (1.14)* | 838 (48) | 895 (52) | 536 (48) | 586 (52) | 0.016 | |
Cardiovascular diseases | ||||||||
Yes | 132 (4) | 4.19 (1.17) | 42 (51) | 41 (49) | 24 (49) | 25 (51) | ||
No | 2928 (96) | 4.15 (1.13) | 848 (48) | 909 (52) | 563 (48) | 608 (52) | 0.510 | |
Stroke | ||||||||
Yes | 71 (2) | 4.27 (1.12) | 23 (61) | 15 (39) | 16 (48) | 17 (52) | ||
No | 2989 (98) | 4.15 (1.14) | 867 (48) | 935 (52) | 571 (48) | 616 (52) | 0.250 | |
HbA1c levels | ||||||||
Mean level (%) | 5.89 (1.23) | – | 5.88 (1.19) | 5.83 (1.12) | 5.94 (1.21) | 5.94 (1.43) | 0.201 | |
Prediabetes, diabetes level | 670 (46) | 4.18 (1.14) | 189 (48) | 205 (52) | 136 (49) | 140 (51) | ||
Normal levels [not measured: 1618 (53)] | 772 (54) | 4.16 (1.14) | 215 (47) | 245 (53) | 141 (45) | 171 (55) | 0.764 | |
Impairments | Hypertension | |||||||
Hypertensive | 1796 (59) | 4.11 (1.15) | 487 (44) | 612 (56) | 302 (43) | 395 (57) | ||
Normotensive | 1264 (41) | 4.21 (1.12)* | 403 (54) | 338 (46)* | 285 (54) | 238 (46)* | 0.153 | |
CRP levels | ||||||||
Mean level (mg/l) | 2.21 (4.22) | – | 2.30 (5.44) | 2.10 (3.67) | 1.95 (3.35) | 2.48 (3.82) | 0.854 | |
Medium or high risk level | 658 (45) | 4.24 (1.16) | 162 (43) | 211 (57) | 122 (43) | 163 (57) | ||
Low risk level (not measured: 1603 (52)) | 799 (55) | 4.12 (1.12)* | 245 (50) | 244 (50)* | 158 (51) | 152 (49)* | 0.081 | |
Grip strengths | ||||||||
Mean strengths (kg) | 21.05 (7.53) | – | 25.75 (6.59) | 16.02 (4.80)* | 26.63 (6.47) | 16.81 (4.87)* | 0.004 | |
Arthritis and/or rheumatism | ||||||||
Yes | 402 (13) | 4.17 (1.11) | 83 (35) | 156 (65) | 55 (34) | 108 (66) | ||
No | 2658 (87) | 4.14 (1.14) | 807 (50) | 794 (50)* | 532 (50) | 525 (50)* | 0.766 | |
Sensory impairments | ||||||||
Yes | 345 (11) | 4.31 (1.14) | 84 (45) | 104 (55) | 66 (42) | 91 (58) | ||
No | 2715 (89) | 4.13 (1.13)* | 806 (49) | 846 (51) | 521 (49) | 542 (51) | 0.023 | |
Functional limitations | Upper-body functional limitations | |||||||
Yes | 1043 (34) | 4.03 (1.17) | 219 (33) | 454 (67) | 121 (33) | 249 (67) | < 0.001 | |
No | 2017 (66) | 4.22 (1.12)* | 671 (58) | 496 (42)* | 466 (55) | 384 (45)* | ||
Lower-body functional limitations | ||||||||
Yes | 1140 (37) | 4.06 (1.15) | 246 (35) | 467 (66) | 168 (39) | 259 (61) | ||
No | 1920 (63) | 4.21 (1.13)* | 644 (57) | 483 (43)* | 419 (53) | 374 (47)* | 0.036 | |
Episodic memory score | ||||||||
Mean number of words recalled (range: 0–10) | 3.08 (1.52) | – | 3.06 (1.47) | 2.83 (1.53)* | 3.35 (1.54) | 3.24 (1.48) | < 0.001 | |
Visuospatial ability | ||||||||
Mean score (range: 0–8) | 3.06 (2.01) | – | 3.17 (2.03) | 2.76 (1.85)* | 3.53 (2.11) | 2.93 (2.00)* | 0.005 | |
Disabilities | ADL limitations | |||||||
Mean score (range: 5–25) | 5.37 (1.29) | – | 5.34 (1.36) | 5.56 (1.62)* | 5.24 (0.87) | 5.28 (0.88) | < 0.001 | |
Any ADL limitation(s) | 377 (12) | 3.95 (1.15) | 92 (36) | 161 (64) | 53 (43) | 71 (57) | ||
No ADL limitations | 2683 (88) | 4.18 (1.13)* | 798 (50) | 789 (50)* | 534 (49) | 562 (51) | 0.003 | |
IADL limitations | ||||||||
Mean score (range: 6–30) | 7.50 (3.63) | – | 7.83 (3.99) | 7.75 (4.03)* | 7.25 (3.11) | 6.91 (2.72)* | < 0.001 | |
Any IADL limitation(s) | 715 (23) | 4.01 (1.12) | 239 (50) | 235 (50) | 131 (54) | 110 (46) | ||
No IADL limitations | 2345 (77) | 4.20 (1.14)* | 651 (48) | 715 (52) | 456 (47) | 523 (53)* | < 0.001 | |