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Table 5 Determinants of C-section: univariate and multivariable analysis

From: Socioeconomic differences in caesarean section – are they explained by medical need? An analysis of patient record data of a large Kenyan hospital

 

Univariate

Adjusted for clinical indication

Adjusted for previous C-section

Adjusted for multiple birth, presentation, and gestational age

Adjusted for maternal age and parity a

Adjusted for maternal clinical indication, previous C-section, age, and parity a

Adjusted for all a

OR [95% CI]

P value

OR [95% CI]

P Value

OR [95% CI]

P value

OR [95% CI]

Pvalue

OR [95% CI]

P Value

OR [95% CI]

P Value

OR [95% CI]

P value

Occupation

 Housewives

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Small business

1.2 (1.06;1.37)

0.0038

1.07 (0.87;1.33)

0.5140

1.15 (0.99;1.34)

0.0644

1.12 (0.96;1.31)

0.1412

1.12 (0.98;1.27)

0.0894

1.03 (0.83;1.29)

0.7762

1.04 (0.79;1.37)

0.7823

 Professional

1.43 (1.23;1.65)

0.0000

1.24 (0.96;1.61)

0.0925

1.31 (1.09;1.56)

0.0032

1.41 (1.18;1.68)

0.0001

1.22 (1.04;1.42)

0.0117

1.08 (0.83;1.41)

0.5451

1.11 (0.80;1.54)

0.5431

 Student

0.86 (0.72;1.01)

0.0656

1.11 (0.86;1.42)

0.4373

1.16 (0.98;1.38)

0.0873

0.87 (0.72;1.07)

0.1850

0.98 (0.82;1.16)

0.8004

1.07 (0.82;1.38)

0.6282

1.02 (0.73;1.43)

0.8920

 Overall p-value

 

0.0000

 

0.3726

 

0.0105

 

0.0002

 

0.0413

 

0.9102

 

0.9420

Age of Mother

  < 16 years

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 16–20 years

1 (0.47;2.13)

0.9993

0.76 (0.28;2.11)

0.6015

0.91 (0.43;1.93)

0.8050

1.03 (0.36;2.95)

0.9617

1 (0.47;2.12)

0.9943

0.75 (0.27;2.08)

0.5789

1.24 (0.20;7.85)

0.8210

 21–25 years

1.08 (0.51;2.29)

0.8361

0.75 (0.27;2.06)

0.5748

0.87 (0.41;1.83)

0.7075

1.11 (0.39;3.17)

0.8438

1.11 (0.53;2.36)

0.7778

0.78 (0.28;2.16)

0.6326

1.24 (0.20;7.83)

0.8183

 26–30 years

1.48 (0.70;3.14)

0.3020

0.78 (0.29;2.16)

0.6385

0.93 (0.44;1.97)

0.8522

1.51 (0.53;4.32)

0.4379

1.65 (0.78;3.49)

0.1936

0.91 (0.32;2.54)

0.8536

1.53 (0.24;9.73)

0.6545

 31–35 years

1.86 (0.87;3.95)

0.1073

0.96 (0.34;2.66)

0.9331

1.05 (0.49;2.24)

0.8999

1.82 (0.64;5.23)

0.2645

2.23 (1.04;4.76)

0.0389

1.38 (0.48;3.92)

0.5499

2.26 (0.35;14.63)

0.3918

 36–40 years

1.88 (0.87;4.04)

0.1063

0.73 (0.25;2.12)

0.5670

0.93 (0.42;2.03)

0.8476

1.82 (0.62;5.29)

0.2738

2.48 (1.14;5.38)

0.0221

1.21 (0.40;3.62)

0.7387

1.18 (0.17;8.22)

0.8670

  > 40 years

2.5 (1.08;5.81)

0.0326

1.35 (0.41;4.49)

0.6238

1.77 (0.74;4.22)

0.1981

2.09 (0.65;6.69)

0.2149

3.68 (1.56;8.69)

0.0030

2.96 (0.86;10.21)

0.0864

2.55 (0.31;21.12)

0.3847

 Overall p-value

 

0.0000

 

0.3577

 

0.0518

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0003

 

0.0314

Parity

 0–1

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 2–4

1.15 (1.04;1.26)

0.0066

0.58 (0.49;0.69)

0.0000

0.58 (0.51;0.65)

0.0000

1.19 (1.06;1.34)

0.0039

0.88 (0.79;0.98)

0.0224

0.46 (0.37;0.56)

0.0000

0.47 (0.37;0.61)

0.0000

  > 4

1.06 (0.86;1.31)

0.5758

0.85 (0.61;1.20)

0.3676

0.81 (0.64;1.04)

0.0932

0.99 (0.75;1.30)

0.9371

0.57 (0.45;0.73)

0.0000

0.54 (0.36;0.81)

0.0027

0.66 (0.39;1.11)

0.1179

 Overall p-value

 

0.0250

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0121

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

Number of babies

 Singleton

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Multiple

4.3 (3.30;5.61)

0.0000

1.88 (1.10;3.22)

0.0220

5.29 (4.01;6.99)

0.0000

1.87 (1.25;2.79)

0.0024

4.11 (3.14;5.38)

0.0000

1.53 (0.85;2.76)

0.1542

0.81 (0.29;2.24)

0.6791

Presentation foetus

 Cephalic

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Breech

29.23 (20.91;40.86)

0.0000

52.22 (36.04;75.67)

0.0000

36.67 (26.07;51.58)

0.0000

31.17 (20.38;47.66)

0.0000

28.46 (20.33;39.85)

0.0000

53.03 (36.28;77.52)

0.0000

64.44 (40.36;102.88)

0.0000

 Other

54.85 (25.13;119.75)

0.0000

131.97 (59.06;294.90)

0.0000

66 (29.97;145.37)

0.0000

55.6 (22.10;139.87)

0.0000

55.46 (25.35;121.34)

0.0000

136.67 (60.72;307.62)

0.0000

131.75 (50.26;345.35)

0.0000

 Overall p-value

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

Gestational age (in weeks)

 Term

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Moderate to late preterm (32–36)

1.03 (0.71;1.48)

0.8774

0.76 (0.44;1.32)

0.3301

0.88 (0.59;1.30)

0.5227

0.84 (0.57;1.25)

0.4009

1.12 (0.77;1.62)

0.5535

0.74 (0.42;1.29)

0.2867

0.49 (0.27;0.91)

0.0229

 Term (> 36)

0.93 (0.67;1.30)

0.6869

0.7 (0.43;1.15)

0.1601

0.74 (0.52;1.06)

0.0990

0.94 (0.65;1.35)

0.7313

0.99 (0.71;1.39)

0.9635

0.7 (0.42;1.15)

0.1575

0.57 (0.34;0.98)

0.0413

 Overall p-value

 

0.4872

 

0.3329

 

0.0629

 

0.4896

 

0.3736

 

0.3537

 

0.0728

Previous C-section

 No

1

 

1

   

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

1438.02 (461.86;4477.31)

0.0000

6.49 (1.95;21.53)

0.0023

–

–

1215.45 (389.63;3791.59)

0.0000

1496.97 (480.29;4665.79)

0.0000

9.83 (2.32;41.72)

0.0019

7.18 (1.64;31.51)

0.0090

Indication according to guideline MTRH

 No

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

798.51 (547.94;1163.66)

0.0000

–

–

509.4 (341.82;759.12)

0.0000

1060.18 (664.91;1690.44)

0.0000

816.76 (559.06;1193.26)

0.0000

971.52 (602.46;1566.67)

0.0000

680.69 (408.70;1133.70)

0.0000

  1. aMultivariable analysis: adjustment for age in years and for parity in actual number of births (not in parity categories)
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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