Salutogenic model of health to identify turning points and coping styles for eating practices in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Polhuis, C. M. M.; Vaandrager, L.; Soedamah-Muthu, S. S.; Koelen, M. A.

doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01194-4

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 2 Overview of the participants’ personal, socioeconomic position, T2DM, self-management and SoC characteristics

From: Salutogenic model of health to identify turning points and coping styles for eating practices in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Personal characteristics				Socioeconomic position			T2DM			Self-management			SoC
Pseudonym	Age (years)	Living situation	Children (n)	Education¹	Income²	Occupation status³	Disease duration (years)	HbA1c⁴(mmol/L)	FGL⁵(mmol/L)	Physical activity⁶(days/week)	Self-monitoring blood glucose⁷(days/week)	Smoking	SoC⁷(0–52)
Diane ♀	49	Children	2	Medium	Low	Low^c	5	69	6.4	0	0	No^h	21
Ria ♀	75	Partner	2	Medium	Medium^a	Low^{d, e}	10	–	7.0	7	0	No	30.5
Annie ♀	60	Alone	0	Medium	Low	Low^c	11	52	6.8	3.5	0	No^h	42
Mieke ♀	56	Partner + children	2	Medium	Medium	Medium	16	–	7.0	7	0	No	35.5
Saskia ♀	67	Alone	2	Low	Low	Low^{d, e}	20	92	11.1	1.5	1–2	No	24
Karin ♀	65	Alone	2	Medium	Low	Low^{d, e}	0.5	69	11.0	1.5	0	No	35
Jan ♂	73	Partner	1	Low	Medium	Low^d	0.5	–	–	0.5	0	No	41
Carla ♀	71	Partner	1	Medium	Medium^b	Low^d	10	–	9.4^g	1.5	1	Yes	49
Freek ♂	72	Partner + children	3	Medium	Low	Low^d	19	62	–	3.5	0	No⁵	41
Marja ♀	69	Partner	1	Medium	–	Low^d	10	43	8.5	3.5	0	No	21.5
Henk ♂	66	Partner	3	Medium	Low	Low^f	10	60	–	7	0	No	26.5
Mark ♂	66	Partner + children	3	Medium	Low	Medium^d	21	66	–	7	7	No	43
Dennis ♂	69	Partner + children	3	Medium	Medium	Low^d	10	–	5.5	3.5	0–1	No	36
Claudia ♀	77	Alone	2	Low	Low	Low^d	15	–	6.4	1	0–1	No	22
Tygo ♂	71	Partner	2	Low	Low	Low^d	10	–	–	5	0	No^h	44
Theo ♂	62	Partner + children	4	High	High	Low^f	10–12	–	7.2	0	0	No	43
Robert ♂	64	Partner	2	Medium	Low	Low^f	23	61	–	3.5	1	No	40

¹Based on the highest completed education. Low education: Primary education; Medium education: Basis secondary education (Junior secondary pre-vocational education, junior secondary general education, secondary general education, pre-uni versity education, senior secondary vocational education (Known as VMBO, VBO, MAVO, HAVO, VWO, MBO in Dutch); High education: Higher professional education or academic higher education (university) (Known as HBO or WO in Dutch); Low education: Primary education
² Based on self-reported current net monthly income. Categorisation of incomes is based on the average net income in the Netherlands (i.e. net income of 2120 euro/month (CBP 2019)). Low income: < 2120 euro/month; Medium income: 2000–2500 euro/month; High income: > 2500 euro/month
³ Based on current occupation status. When retired, the classification was based on the latest occupation. Low occupation status: Unemployed, medically declared unfit for work, or occupations that do not require secondary education; Medium occupation status: Occupations that require medium education; High occupation status: Occupations that require high education Occupations that require medium education; Low occupation status: Unemployed, medically declared unfit for work, or occupations that do not require secondary education
⁴ HbA1c are self-reported. Cut-off values are based on Diabetes Fonds [68]: Low HbA1c: < 53 mmol/L; Slightly alleviated HbA1c: 54–63 mmol/; Alleviated HbA1c: 64–85 mmol/L; High HbA1c: > 86 mmol/L
⁵FGL = Fasting glucose levels; self-reported. Cut-off values are based on Diabetes Fonds [68]: Low FGL: < 6.1 mmol/L; Medium FGL: 6.1–6.9 mmol/L; High FGL: > 6.9 mmol/L
⁶ Physically active for at least 30 min
⁷ SoC-13 total score = 52. Low SoC: < 17; Medium SoC: 18–35; High SoC: > 35. Cut-off values are based on 52/3 = 17
^a Husband’s pension ^b Combined pensions (husband’s and wife’s) ^c Unemployed ^d Currently retired ^e No professional career; housewife ^f Medically declared unfit for work ^g Measured in non-fasting state ^h Past smoker

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