Table 7 Determinants of catastrophic healthcare expenditure in rural southern Ethiopia, May 2017 to July 2018
Household’s characteristics | Catastrophic headcount | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At a 10% threshold of total household expenditure | At a 40% threshold of non-food expenditure | ||||||||||||
Yes | No | Crude relative risk (95.0%CI) | p-value | Adjusted relative risk (95.0%CI) | p-value | Yes | No | Crude relative risk (95.0%CI) | p-value | Adjusted relative risk (95.0%CI)p- | p-value | ||
Utilisation of healthcare services during: | |||||||||||||
Pregnancy-related illness (41 of 735) | No | 46 | 53 | 1.30 (0.35,4.90) | 0.696 | – | – | 74 | 25 | 1.27 (0.31,5.28) | 0.744 | – | – |
Yes | 4 | 6 | 1.0 | – | – | 7 | 3 | 1.0 | – | – | |||
Postpartum illness (5 of 244) | No | 45 | 9 | – | – | – | – | 76 | 28 | – | – | – | |
Yes | 4 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 4 | 0 | – | – | – | – | |
Neonatal illness (10 of 369) | No | 43 | 58 | – | – | – | – | 73 | 28 | – | – | – | – |
Yes | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | |
Enabling factors | |||||||||||||
Educational status of the head of the household | No education | 8 | 7 | 2.29 (0.63,8.32) | 0.210 | – | – | 11 | 4 | 1.38 (0.34,5.56) | 0.655 | – | – |
Primary | 33 | 34 | 1.94 (0.76,4.93) | 0.163 | – | – | 52 | 15 | 1.73 (0.65,4.64) | 0.274 | – | – | |
Secondary and above | 9 | 18 | 1.0 | – | – | 18 | 9 | 1.0 | – | – | |||
Occupation of the head of the household | Agriculture | 30 | 38 | 0.34 (0.08,1.42) | 0.139 | – | – | 57 | 11 | – | – | – | – |
Sales and services | 4 | 2 | 0.86 (0.10,7.51) | 0.889 | – | – | 5 | 1 | – | – | – | – | |
Skilled manual | 1 | 2 | 0.21 (0.01,3.37) | 0.273 | – | – | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | |
Professional/technical/managerial | 1 | 4 | 0.11 (0.01,1.41) | 0.089 | – | – | 2 | 3 | – | – | – | – | |
Unskilled manual | 7 | 10 | 0.30 (0.06,1.58) | 0.156 | – | – | 7 | 10 | – | – | – | – | |
Others | 7 | 3 | 1.0 | – | – | 7 | 3 | – | – | – | – | ||
Illness among: | |||||||||||||
Pregnant women (735 of 794) | No | 5 | 3 | 2.07 (0.47,9.15) | 0.335 | – | – | 8 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
Yes | 45 | 56 | 1.0 | – | – | 73 | 28 | – | – | – | – | ||
Postpartum women (244 of 784) | No | 31 | 36 | 1.10 (0.50,2.40) | 0.811 | – | – | 50 | 17 | 1.08 (0.45,2.61) | 0.867 | – | – |
Yes | 18 | 23 | 1.0 | – | – | 30 | 11 | 1.0 | – | – | |||
Neonates (369 of 772) | No | 35 | 39 | 1.71 (0.70,4.16) | 0.241 | – | – | 58 | 16 | 2.56 (1.02,6.44) | 0.046 | 2.56 (1.02,6.44)* | 0.046 |
Yes | 10 | 19 | 1.0 | – | – | 17 | 12 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||