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Table 3 Factors associated with health care utilization among multimorbid patients from public and private facilities

From: Magnitude and determinants of multimorbidity and health care utilization among patients attending public versus private primary care: a cross-sectional study from Odisha, India

Characteristics

Public (n = 261)

Private(n = 200)

Number of hospital visits

Adjusted IRRa

[95% CI]

Number of medicines taken

Adjusted IRRa

[95% CI]

Number of hospital visits

Adjusted IRRa

[95% CI]

Number of medicines taken

Adjusted IRRa

[95% CI]

Age Group (in years)

 18–29

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 30–39

3.85 [2.05–7.24]*

1.23 [0.58–2.60]

1.42 [0.44–4.52]

1.04 [0.37–2.92]

 40–49

3.56 [1.94–6.56]*

1.38 [0.63–3.02]

2.13 [0.60–7.67]

1.36 [0.52–3.53]

 50–59

3.63 [2.16–6.09]*

1.28 [0.58–2.83]

1.69 [0.54–5.25]

1.36 [0.52–3.57]

 60–69

3.84 [2.23–6.59]*

1.43 [0.67–3.07]

1.68 [0.44–6.46]

1.34 [0.49–3.62]

 > =70

2.98 [1.62–5.49]*

1.60 [0.75–3.41]

1.96 [0.55–6.96]

1.10 [0.40–3.02]

Gender

 Male

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Female

1.08 [0.72–1.61]

0.98 [0.70–1.37]

0.92 [0.56–1.51]

0.85 [0.62–1.15]

Ethnicity

 Aboriginal

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Non-aboriginal

1.24 [0.84–1.83]

1.18 [1.02–1.69]*

0.81 [0.53–1.26]

1.78 [1.04–3.02]*

Socio Economic Status

 Below Poverty Line

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Above Poverty Line

0.99 [0.73–1.34]

1.04 [0.80–1.36]

0.95 [0.56–1.61]

1.36 [1.01–1.86]*

Highest Education

 No Schooling

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Primary

1.57 [1.13–2.18]*

0.74 [0.54–1.02]

1.15 [0.7–1.89]

0.99 [0.71–1.38]

 Secondary and above

1.29 [0.80–2.09]

1.05 [0.72–1.52]

1.70 [1.01–3.69]*

0.92 [0.62–1.38]

Marital Status

 Single

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Married

0.85 [0.59–1.21]

0.79 [0.52–1.21]

0.69 [0.30–1.57]

0.80 [0.50–1.28]

  1. CI Confidence interval, IRR Incidence Rate Ratio
  2. *P value < 0.05
  3. aMultivariable Zero inflated negative binomial regression. Each variable was adjusted for other covariates in the table