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Table 1 Descriptive statistics by household food insecurity status

From: Homeownership status and risk of food insecurity: examining the role of housing debt, housing expenditure and housing asset using a cross-sectional population-based survey of Canadian households

Characteristics

All

Food secure

Food insecure

P value*

n = 10,815

n = 9451

n = 1364

 

Homeownership status, %

   

< 0.0001

 Renters

26.8

22.1

56.4

 

 Owners with mortgage

  Low housing asset (≤$120,000)

3.4

2.9

6.2§

 

  Higher housing asset (>$120,000)

34.3

35.6

26.0

 

 Mortgage-free owners

  Low housing asset (≤$120,000)

4.7

4.7

4.7§

 

  Higher housing asset (>$120,000)

30.9

34.7

6.6

 

After-tax income†, mean (SD)

$43,506 (33136)

$46,143 (34453)

$26,606 (16036)

< 0.0001

Housing expenditure†, mean (SD)

$8584 (5498)

$8658 (5699)

$8108 (4063)

0.014

After-housing income†, mean (SD)

$34,922 (32256)

$37,485 (33595)

$18,498 (14879)

< 0.0001

Housing-to-income ratio, mean (SD)

25.0% (17.2)

23.2% (16.0)

36.8% (19.5)

< 0.0001

Age of head of household, %

   

< 0.0001

  < 30

8.6

7.6

14.9

 

 30 to < 40

17.3

16.4

23.0

 

 40 to < 50

21.8

20.7

28.8

 

 50 to < 60

21.1

21.6

17.9

 

 60 to < 70

15.9

17.1

8.7

 

  ≥ 70

15.3

16.6

6.8

 

Household structure, %

   

< 0.0001

 Unattached, living alone

28.1

26.7

37.3

 

 Couple, living alone

32.2

34.9

14.8

 

 Couple with children‡

33.0

32.9

33.3

 

 Lone parent‡

6.8

5.5

14.6

 

Number of children < 18, %

   

< 0.0001

 0

72.1

73.6

62.6

 

 1

11.4

10.8

14.9

 

 2 or more

16.5

15.6

22.5

 

Household member with disability¶, %

   

< 0.0001

 Yes

21.2

19.5

32.3

 

 No

78.8

80.5

67.7

 

Household education (highest level), %

   

< 0.0001

 High school diploma or less

29.6

27.2

45.3

 

 Post-secondary

40.1

39.7

42.5

 

 University degree

30.3

33.1

12.2

 

Main source of income, %

   

< 0.0001

 Wages/salaries or self-employment

67.1

68.2

60.0

 

 EI or workers’ compensation

2.4

1.5

8.5§

 

 Seniors’ benefits or pension

23.4

25.1

12.3

 

 Social assistance

2.3

0.9§

11.1

 

 Other sources

4.9

4.3

8.1

 

Region of residence, %

   

0.003

 Atlantic

7.5

7.3

9.0

 

 Quebec

26.1

26.4

24.4

 

 Ontario

36.4

35.6

41.7

 

 Prairies

17.4

17.8

14.7

 

 British Columbia

12.6

12.9

10.4

 

Population centre size, %

   

0.031

 Rural (< 1000)

11.9

12.2

9.7

 

 Small (1000 to < 100,000)

20.9

20.2

25.5

 

 Medium (100,000 to < 500,000)

17.4

17.3

18.0

 

 Large (≥500,000)

49.9

50.3

46.8

 
  1. EI, Employment insurance
  2. Column percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding
  3. * p values based on the Rao-Scott F adjusted chi-square statistic for categorical variables and the adjusted Wald test for differences in the means of continuous variables
  4. † Adjusted for household size by dividing by the square root of household size
  5. ‡The presence children in these households reflects the familial relationship between the members of the household, and the children may be of all ages
  6. ¶ Presence of household member with disability based on households reporting that one member’s amount or kind of activity at home, at work, at school or in other activities was sometimes or often reduced by a physical/mental condition or health problem [38]
  7. § Coefficient of variation greater than 16.6%, indicating that the estimate is associated with high sampling variability