Socio-economic inequality and inequity in use of health care services in Kenya: evidence from the fourth Kenya household health expenditure and utilization survey

Ilinca, Stefania; Di Giorgio, Laura; Salari, Paola; Chuma, Jane

doi:10.1186/s12939-019-1106-z

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 1 Descriptive statistics by total household expenditure quintile (in %, unless otherwise specified)

From: Socio-economic inequality and inequity in use of health care services in Kenya: evidence from the fourth Kenya household health expenditure and utilization survey

	Poorest quintile	2nd quintile	3rd quintile	4th quintile	Richest quintile
Female	50.67	50.99	50.53	50.76	50.28
Age (mean, in years)	26.63	25.25	24.96	25.47	27.48
0–14 years	21.97	21.76	20.75	19.60	15.92
15–34 years	18.91	18.76	19.66	20.28	22.39
35–54 years	16.90	18.45	19.24	20.57	24.84
55+ years	21.10	19.71	19.46	19.60	20.13
Health status
Poor self-reported health	13.84	11.64	11.07	10.85	10.35
Has chronic condition	8.70	9.18	9.38	10.04	11.12
Has medical condition	2.34	2.40	2.70	2.77	2.57
Household characteristics
Household size (mean, persons)	6.8	6.5	6.1	5.5	4.4
Finished floor	14.05	23.99	37.40	52.30	76.66
Finished wall	16.08	25.00	35.48	47.11	67.08
Electricity	10.01	17.41	27.18	42.62	67.67
Piped water	26.27	34.27	40.08	47.72	58.94
Flush toilet	1.98	3.63	5.28	11.59	27.68
Urban residence	17.17	21.69	29.11	37.93	56.26
Individual employment
Formal employment	1.03	1.60	2.54	4.38	11.11
Informal employment	19.04	19.49	21.45	23.16	26.95
Not employed	79.93	78.90	76.01	72.46	61.94
Household head employment
Formal employment	3.67	5.55	8.19	12.73	24.79
Informal employment	55.79	58.66	58.87	57.96	52.13
Not employed	40.54	35.79	32.93	29.31	23.09
Individual education level
Less than Primary	25.03	21.16	20.84	20.89	16.56
Primary	59.32	59.00	54.68	49.40	39.34
Secondary	14.09	17.28	20.67	22.91	27.21
Tertiary	1.57	2.56	3.81	6.80	16.88
Household head education
Less than Primary	35.12	27.06	24.90	22.77	13.47
Primary	49.12	51.22	46.65	40.67	28.39
Secondary	14.31	18.37	22.69	26.27	32.34
Tertiary	1.45	3.35	5.77	10.29	25.79
Care utilization
Outpatient care	12.10	12.43	13.65	14.09	15.95
Private	3.09	3.29	4.22	5.65	8.85
Public	10.10	10.63	11.14	10.63	9.99
Faith-based	0.72	0.71	0.87	1.01	1.29
Inpatient care	2.61	2.83	2.92	3.34	4.37
Private	0.61	0.67	0.85	1.03	1.77
Public	1.68	1.73	1.65	1.91	2.05
Faith-based	0.26	0.40	0.41	0.42	0.58
Preventive & promotive care	3.35	3.61	4.02	4.67	6.09

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