International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 3 Change in inequality of child mortality between countries by income

From: Have inequalities in all-cause and cause-specific child mortality between countries declined across the world?

model: dependent: child mortality (log); independent: gdp per capita	log-linear regression (by year)								generalized linear mixed effect (multilevel longitudinal model; cluster: year)
	2000				2015				likelihood test of random slope
	coefficient	95% CI	p-value	adjusted R square	coefficient	95% CI	p-value	adjusted R square	chi(2)	p-value
under-5 child	−28.2	(−31.6, − 24.8)	< 0.001	0.60	− 17.2	(− 19.4, − 15.0)	< 0.001	0.58	30.21	< 0.001
neonatal (< 1)	−7.8	(−8.5, −7.0)	< 0.001	0.69	−6.3	(−7.1, −5.6)	< 0.001	0.63	27.52	< 0.001
pneumonia (< 1)	−0.6	(− 0.7, − 0.5)	< 0.001	0.69	− 0.5	(− 0.5, − 0.4)	< 0.001	0.60	30.33	< 0.001
preterm (< 1)	− 2.4	(− 2.6, − 2.1)	< 0.001	0.67	− 1.9	(− 2.1, − 1.6)	< 0.001	0.57	58.87	< 0.001
intrapartum (< 1)	−2.4	(− 2.6, − 2.1)	< 0.001	0.64	−1.9	(− 2.1, − 1.6)	< 0.001	0.58	12.29	< 0.001
sepsis (< 1)	− 1.3	(− 1.5, − 1.2)	< 0.001	0.61	− 1.2	(− 1.4, − 1.1)	< 0.001	0.61	9.97	0.002
tetanus (< 1)	− 0.3	(− 0.4, − 0.2)	< 0.001	0.28	−0.1	(− 0.2, − 0.1)	< 0.001	0.18	12.11	< 0.001
others (< 1)	− 0.4	(− 0.5, − 0.3)	< 0.001	0.56	− 0.3	(− 0.4, − 0.2)	< 0.001	0.48	26.52	< 0.001
congenital (< 1)	− 0.3	(− 0.3, − 0.2)	< 0.001	0.28	− 0.4	(− 0.5, − 0.3)	< 0.001	0.43	16.53	< 0.001
diarrhea (< 1)	− 0.1	(− 0.1,− 0.1)	< 0.001	0.44	-0.1	(− 0.1, − 0.1)	< 0.001	0.35	11.10	< 0.001
post-neonatal (1–59)	− 20.4	(− 23.3, − 17.6)	< 0.001	0.53	−10.8	(− 12.4, − 9.25)	< 0.001	0.50	24.85	< 0.001
pneumonia (1–59)	− 4.4	(− 5.0, − 3.9)	< 0.001	0.61	− 2.6	(− 3.0,-2.2)	< 0.001	0.49	24.13	< 0.001
preterm (1–59)	− 0.3	(− 0.4, − 0.3)	< 0.001	0.44	− 0.3	(− 0.3, − 0.2)	< 0.001	0.45	0.47	0.49
intrapartum (1–59)	− 0.2	(− 0.2, − 0.1)	< 0.001	0.48	− 0.2	(− 0.2, − 0.1)	< 0.001	0.50	0.57	0.45
meningitis (1–59)	− 1.0	(1.1, − 0.9)	< 0.001	0.47	− 0.4	(− 0.5, − 0.4)	< 0.001	0.39	22.41	< 0.001
others (1–59)	− 2.2	(− 2.5, − 2.0)	< 0.001	0.59	−2.1	(− 2.4, − 1.8)	< 0.001	0.50	4.67	0.03
congenital (1–59)	− 0.3	(− 0.4, − 0.2)	< 0.001	0.31	− 0.4	(− 0.4, − 0.3)	< 0.001	0.31	7.15	0.01
diarrhea (1–59)	− 4.0	(− 4.5, − 3.4)	< 0.001	0.52	−1.7	(−2.0, − 1.5)	< 0.001	0.44	31.59	< 0.001
measles (1–59)	−1.8	(−2.3, − 1.3)	< 0.001	0.06	− 0.2	(− 0.3, − 0.1)	< 0.001	0.22	12.66	< 0.001
pertussis (1–59)	− 0.2	(− 0.23, − 0.1)	< 0.001	0.48	− 0.2	(− 0.2, − 0.1)	< 0.001	0.53	3.10	0.08

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