Integrating community health representatives with health care systems: clinical outcomes among individuals with diabetes in Navajo Nation

Table 3 Clinical outcomes comparisons at 24 months, Navajo Nation, United States, 2010–2014

	Intervention		Crude Model ^a		Adjusted Model ^b
	Intervention		Difference post VS pre intervention	95%CI	Difference post VS pre intervention	95%CI
	PRE	POST	HbA1c
COPE	N = 173	N = 163
	LSM (SE)	LSM (SE)
	8.39 (0.05)	7.82 (0.06)	−0.57	−0.70, −0.45	−0.56	−0.69, −0.44
non-COPE	N = 2879	N = 2738
	LSM (SE)	LSM (SE)
	8.23 (0.01)	8.29 (0.01)	0.06	0.03, 0.09	0.07	0.04, 0.10
			P interaction	< 0.0001	P interaction	< 0.0001
	PRE	POST	LDL
COPE	N = 72	N = 73
	LSM (SE)	LSM (SE)
	95.70 (3.85)	83.92 (3.87)	−11.79	−17.04, −6.53	−10.58	−15.85, −5.31
non-COPE	N = 1596	N = 1499
	LSM (SE)	LSM (SE)
	95.52 (2.13)	91.18 (2.15)	−4.33	−5.54, −3.13	−3.18	−4.41, −1.95
			P interaction	0.007	P interaction	0.007
	PRE	POST	SBP
COPE	N = 113	N = 113
	LSM (SE)	LSM (SE)
	132.46 (0.97)	134.86 (0.97)	2.40	1.45, 3.35	2.06	1.10, 3.02
non-COPE	N = 1966	N = 1964
	LSM (SE)	LSM (SE)
	131.45 (0.36)	132.43 (0.36)	0.98	0.74, 1.23	0.61	0.35, 0.87
			P interaction	0.005	P interaction	0.004
	PRE	POST	BMI
COPE	N = 59	N = 59
	LSM (SE)	LSM (SE)
	36.57 (0.71)	36.06 (0.71)	−0.51	−0.90, −0.12	−0.27	−0.67, 0.12
non-COPE	N = 1196	N = 1182
	LSM (SE)	LSM (SE)
	35.88 (0.16)	35.31 (0.16)	−0.57	−0.67, − 0.47	− 0.34	− 0.45, − 0.22
			P interaction	0.78	P interaction	0.75

COPE Community Outreach and Patient Empowerment, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, LDL low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl), SBP systolic blood pressure (mmHg), BMI body mass index (kg/m²), LSM Least Squares Means, SE Standard Error, CI confidence interval, P interaction p-value of the interaction for the β of the term intervention(0/1)*time (pre/post)
^a Model adjusted for the pre-2 years’ means
^b Adjusted model for pre-2 years’ means, age (years; continuous), gender (male/female), preferred language (English, Navajo and other), primary care physician (yes/no); essential hypertension (yes/no), major depression disorder (yes/no), alcohol abuse (yes/no), dyslipidemia (yes/no), and major cardiovascular disease (yes/no)

ISSN: 1475-9276