Table 1 HIV testing by socio-economic status, Malawi DHS 2015–16
From: A method for measuring spatial effects on socioeconomic inequalities using the concentration index
|  | Women | Tested (N = 5995) | P-valueb | Men | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not tested (N = 1294) | Not tested (N = 2666) | Tested (N = 14,607) | ||||
Region | ||||||
 northern | 181 (14) | 1023 (17.1) |  | 478 (17.9) | 3121 (21.4) | |
 central | 450 (34.8) | 1770 (29.5) |  | 1068 (40.1) | 5129 (35.1) | |
 southern | 663 (51.2) | 3202 (53.4) | 0.000 | 1120 (42) | 6357 (43.5) | 0.000 |
Education | ||||||
 no | 131 (10.1) | 747 (12.5) |  | 266 (10) | 1635 (11.2) | |
 primary | 846 (65.4) | 3481 (58.1) |  | 1740 (65.3) | 8961 (61.3) | |
 secondary | 300 (23.2) | 1513 (25.2) |  | 637 (23.9) | 3611 (24.7) | |
 higher | 17 (1.3) | 254 (4.2) | 0.000 | 23 (0.9) | 400 (2.7) | 0.000 |
Literacy | ||||||
 Cannot read at al | 320 (24.7) | 1592 (26.6) |  | 623 (23.4) | 3874 (26.5) | |
 Able to read only part | 144 (11.1) | 461 (7.7) |  | 256 (9.6) | 1341 (9.2) | |
 Able to read whole sentence | 830 (64.1) | 3935 (65.6) | 0.000 | 1787 (67) | 9392 (64.3) | 0.003 |
Wealth | ||||||
 poorest | 326 (25.2) | 1497 (25.0) |  | 342 (12.8) | 2114 (14.5) | |
 poorer | 274 (21.2) | 1053 (17.6) |  | 436 (16.4) | 2666 (18.3) | |
 middle | 248 (19.2) | 1016 (16.9) |  | 522 (19.6) | 2722 (18.6) | |
 richer | 212 (16.4) | 1113 (18.6) |  | 570 (21.4) | 3002 (20.6) | |
 richest | 234 (18.1) | 1316 (22.0) | 0.000 | 796 (29.9) | 4103 (28.1) | 0.011 |
Marriage | ||||||
 No | 1139 (88) | 3775 (63.0) |  | 1850 (69.4) | 1846 (12.6) | |
 married | 155 (12) | 2220 (37.0) | 0.000 | 816 (30.6) | 12,761 (87.4) | |
Any STI last 12 montha | ||||||
 No | 1284 (99.3) | 5805 (97.0) |  | 2629 (98.6) | 14,202 (97.2) | |
 Yes | 9 (0.7) | 178 (3.0) | 0.000 | 28 (1.1) | 372 (2.5) | 0.000 |
Genital sore/ulcera | ||||||
 No | 1255 (97.1) | 5436 (90.9) |  | 2560 (96) | 13,351 (91.4) | |
 Yes | 38 (2.9) | 545 (9.1) | 0.000 | 100 (3.8) | 1226 (8.4) | |
Genital dischargea | ||||||
 No | 1265 (98) | 5633 (94.1) |  | 2592 (97.2) | 13,753 (94.2) | |
 Yes | 26 (2) | 351 (5.9) | 0.000 | 68 (2.6) | 831 (5.7) | 0.000 |