Table 1 Trends in the prevalence difference (PD), prevalence ratio (PR), slope index of inequality (SII), and relative index of inequality (RII) of smoking and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) according to education, occupational class, and income tertile: Results from the Social Survey of Statistics Korea
From: Long-term trends in smoking prevalence and its socioeconomic inequalities in Korea, 1992–2016
1992 | 1995 | 1999 | 2003 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | |||||||||||
Education | |||||||||||
PD | 11.3 (10.1–12.4) | 12.5 (11.4–13.6) | 13.2 (12.0–14.4) | 15.2 (14.0–16.4) | 14.6 (13.4–15.8) | 14.3 (12.8–15.8) | 14.0 (12.4–15.6) | 13.8 (12.2–15.4) | 15.5 (13.9–17.1) | 12.9 (11.4–14.3) | 0.003 |
PR | 1.17 (1.15–1.19) | 1.19 (1.17–1.21) | 1.21 (1.19–1.23) | 1.31 (1.28–1.34) | 1.33 (1.29–1.36) | 1.32 (1.28–1.36) | 1.35 (1.30–1.40) | 1.36 (1.31–1.41) | 1.46 (1.40–1.51) | 1.43 (1.38–1.49) | < 0.0001 |
Occupation | |||||||||||
PD | 10.7 (9.5–11.9) | 10.5 (9.2–11.8) | 10.6 (9.3–11.9) | 11.8 (10.4–13.1) | 13.2 (11.8–14.5) | 12.5 (10.8–14.1) | 12.9 (11.0–14.7) | 14.1 (12.3–16.0) | 15.5 (13.7–17.3) | 11.9 (10.1–13.6) | 0.0034 |
PR | 1.16 (1.14–1.18) | 1.15 (1.13–1.18) | 1.16 (1.09–1.02) | 1.22 (1.20–1.25) | 1.28 (1.25–1.32) | 1.26 (1.23–1.31) | 1.3 (1.25–1.35) | 1.35 (1.30–1.41) | 1.43 (1.37–1.49) | 1.36 (1.30–1.42) | < 0.0001 |
Income | |||||||||||
SII | 7.6 (5.6–9.5) | 13.5 (11.4–15.6) | 11.1 (8.5–13.7) | 14.5 (11.7–17.3) | 12.9 (10.1–15.7) | 12.0 (9.3–14.8) | 10.8 (8.1–13.5) | < 0.0001 | |||
RII | 1.11 (1.08–1.15) | 1.28 (1.23–1.34) | 1.23 (1.17–1.29) | 1.34 (1.27–1.43) | 1.32 (1.24–1.40) | 1.31 (1.23–1.40) | 1.31 (1.22–1.41) | < 0.0001 | |||
Women | |||||||||||
Education | |||||||||||
PD | 1.3 (0.9–1.6) | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | 1.9 (1.6–2.3) | 2.4 (2.0–2.7) | 2.7 (2.3–3.2) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | 2.2 (1.7–2.7) | 3.0 (2.4–3.6) | 3.4 (2.9–4.0) | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | < 0.0001 |
PR | 2.18 (1.68–2.82) | 2.18 (1.76–2.69) | 3.01 (2.32–3.92) | 3.13 (2.59–3.79) | 2.86 (2.40–3.42) | 2.87 (2.32–3.55) | 2.86 (2.29–3.58) | 2.86 (2.36–3.48) | 2.96 (2.41–3.64) | 2.89 (2.37–3.53) | < 0.0001 |
Occupation | |||||||||||
PD | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | 2.4 (1.8–2.9) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | 2.4 (1.9–2.8) | 2.0 (1.4–2.5) | 3.3 (2.6–4.1) | 2.1 (1.3–2.8) | 3.5 (2.7–4.4) | 3.3 (2.5–4.1) | 3.0 (2.3–3.8) | < 0.0001 |
PR | 1.54 (1.20–1.98) | 2.63 (1.84–3.77) | 2.8 (2.06–3.82) | 2.81 (2.22–3.56) | 1.84 (1.52–2.24) | 3.01 (2.33–3.88) | 2.10 (1.60–2.75) | 2.62 (2.06–3.34) | 3.04 (2.33–3.98) | 2.62 (2.05–3.34) | < 0.0001 |
Income | |||||||||||
SII | 0.1 (0.0–0.8) | 3.2 (2.5–3.9) | 2.8 (1.9–3.6) | 2.4 (1.5–3.3) | 4.5 (3.5–5.6) | 3.2 (2.3–4.2) | 2.4 (1.5–3.3) | 0.0003 | |||
RII | 1.39 (1.16–1.66) | 2.46 (2.01–3.00) | 2.45 (1.85–3.23) | 2.21 (1.63–2.98) | 3.11 (2.36–4.11) | 2.73 (2.04–3.66) | 2.25 (1.68–3.03) | 0.0008 | |||