Table 1 General characteristics and health status among dependent older adults in KLoSA (N = 946)
Total N (%) or Mean ± SD | Gender | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | ||
Total | 946 (100.0) | 463 (48.9) | 483 (51.1) |
Age (years), Mean ± SD | 77.99 ± 10.44 | 73.84 ± 10.40 | 81.96 ± 8.82** |
< 65 years | 132 (14.0) | 106 (22.9) | 26 (5.4) |
65–74 years | 172 (18.2) | 116 (25.1) | 56 (11.6)** |
75–84 years | 362 (38.3) | 167 (36.1) | 195 (40.4) |
85+ years | 280 (29.6) | 74 (16.0) | 206 (42.7) |
Marital status | |||
Widowed, separated, divorced or others | 360 (38.1) | 46 (9.9) | 314 (65.0)** |
Married | 586 (61.9) | 417 (90.1) | 169 (35.0) |
Living arrangement | |||
Living alone | 151 (16.1) | 14 (3.1) | 137 (28.5)** |
Living with partners only | 371 (39.5) | 254 (55.3) | 117 (24.4) |
Others | 417 (44.4) | 191 (41.6) | 226 (47.1) |
Region | |||
Urban | 664 (70.2) | 345 (74.5) | 319 (66.0)** |
Rural | 282 (29.8) | 118 (25.5) | 164 (34.0) |
Educational level | |||
Elementary school or below | 571 (60.4) | 161 (34.8) | 410 (84.9)** |
Middle school graduated | 119 (12.6) | 80 (17.3) | 39 (8.1) |
High school or over | 256 (27.1) | 222 (47.9) | 34 (7.0) |
Personal income levela | 930.26 ± 1897.87 | 1312.81 ± 2173.53 | 561.45 ± 1499.98** |
Low (< 270) | 310 (33.4) | 113 (24.8) | 197 (41.6)** |
Middle (270–640) | 310 (33.4) | 134 (29.4) | 176 (37.2) |
High (640+) | 309 (33.3) | 209 (45.8) | 100 (21.1) |
Household income levela | 1357.13 ± 1250.01 | 1488.48 ± 1408.79 | 1231.03 ± 1062.07** |
Low(< 636) | 315 (33.8) | 131 (28.7) | 184 (38.7)** |
Middle(636–1443) | 300 (32.2) | 160 (35.0) | 140 (29.4) |
High (1443+) | 318 (34.1) | 166 (36.3) | 152 (31.9) |
Self-rated health, Mean ± SD | 3.87 ± 0.90 | 3.65 ± 0.950 | 4.07 ± 0.816** |
Poor | 877 (92.7) | 412 (89.0) | 465 (96.3)** |
Good | 69 (7.3) | 51 (11.0) | 18 (3.7) |
MMSE, Mean ± SD | 19.67 ± 8.04 | 22.68 ± 7.24 | 16.54 ± 7.64** |
Dementia | 297 (35.9) | 84 (19.9) | 213 (52.5)** |
Cognitive declining | 193 (23.3) | 86 (20.4) | 107 (26.4) |
Normal | 338 (40.8) | 252 (59.7) | 86 (21.2) |
National insurance type | |||
Health insurance | 846 (89.4) | 417 (90.1) | 429 (88.8) |
Medical Aids | 100 (10.6) | 46 (9.9) | 54 (11.2) |
Long term care service use | |||
No | 890 (94.1) | 446 (96.3) | 444 (91.9)** |
Yes | 56 (5.9) | 17 (3.7) | 39 (8.1) |
ADL/IADL deficits, Mean ± SD | 6.59 ± 5.45 | 5.52 ± 5.14 | 7.62 ± 5.54** |
Number of chronic diseases, Mean ± SD | 1.91 ± 1.36 | 1.69 ± 1.45 | 2.13 ± 1.23** |