Subjective social status and inequalities in depressive symptoms: a gender-specific decomposition analysis for South Africa

Mutyambizi, Chipo; Booysen, Frederik; Stornes, Per; Eikemo, Terje A.

doi:10.1186/s12939-019-0996-0

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 2 Decomposition of inequalities in depressive symptoms related to subjective social status, by gender

From: Subjective social status and inequalities in depressive symptoms: a gender-specific decomposition analysis for South Africa

Variable	Male						Female						Total
Variable	Elasticity	CI	Abs	SE	%	Total	Elasticity	CI	Abs	SE	%	Total	Elasticity	CI	Abs	SE	%	Total
Gender
Female
Male													− 0.0152	0.0570	− 0.0035	0.0037	1.25	1.25
Race
African	(base)						(base)						(base)
Coloured	−0.019	0.354	− 0.027	0.011	8.77		− 0.008	0.285	− 0.009	0.006	3.62		−0.011	0.318	−0.014	0.006	4.99
Indian/Asian/White	−0.022	0.585	−0.052	0.022	17.15	25.92	0.001	0.602	0.003	0.018	−1.29	2.33	−0.007	0.593	−0.016	0.014	5.81	10.80
Age
18to34	(base)						(base)						(base)
35to64	0.088	−0.025	− 0.009	0.010	2.89		0.025	−0.009	−0.001	0.003	0.35		0.048	−0.021	−0.004	0.004	1.43
65plus	0.015	0.071	0.004	0.006	−1.35	1.54	0.002	−0.016	0.000	0.002	0.05	0.40	0.006	0.029	0.001	0.002	−0.26	1.18
Marital status
Married	(base)						(base)						(base)
Single	0.087	−0.073	−0.026	0.010	8.41	8.41	0.021	−0.043	−0.004	0.004	1.48	1.48	0.039	−0.058	−0.009	0.005	3.24	3.24
Place of residence
Urban formal	(base)						(base)						(base)
Urban informal	−0.002	−0.158	0.001	0.005	−0.45		0.003	−0.355	−0.004	0.008	1.69		0.001	−0.246	−0.001	0.004	0.30
Tribal	−0.004	−0.196	0.003	0.008	−1.06		−0.012	−0.166	0.008	0.008	−3.38		−0.007	−0.178	0.005	0.005	−1.78
Rural	−0.003	0.075	−0.001	0.005	0.34	−1.17	−0.003	−0.056	0.001	0.002	−0.32	−2.01	−0.003	0.025	0.000	0.002	0.10	−1.38
Subjective social status	−0.126	0.263	−0.133	0.048	43.65	43.65	−0.179	0.280	−0.201	0.049	83.46	83.46	−0.154	0.273	−0.168	0.038	60.97	60.97
Childhood financial difficulties
Hardly/Never	(base)						(base)						(base)
Always/Sometimes	0.014	−0.132	−0.008	0.016	2.50	2.50	0.024	−0.096	−0.009	0.014	3.74	3.74	0.025	−0.114	−0.011	0.010	4.06	4.06
Childhood conflict
Hardly/Never	(base)						(base)						(base)
Always/Sometimes	0.021	−0.142	−0.012	0.012	3.96	3.96	0.082	−0.124	−0.041	0.011	16.83	16.83	0.058	−0.132	−0.031	0.008	11.07	11.07
Employment
Employed	(base)						(base)						(base)
Non labour force participant	−0.004	−0.027	0.000	0.003	−0.15		0.021	0.065	0.006	0.005	−2.32		0.010	0.019	0.001	0.002	−0.26
Unemployed	0.011	−0.167	−0.007	0.010	2.36	2.21	0.000	−0.166	0.000	0.015	0.04	−2.27	0.004	−0.171	−0.003	0.011	0.89	0.63
Education
None	(base)						(base)						(base)
Primary	0.003	−0.212	−0.003	0.009	0.87		−0.006	−0.236	0.005	0.012	−2.20		−0.005	−0.230	0.005	0.008	−1.77
Secondary	−0.005	−0.160	0.003	0.022	−0.98		−0.007	− 0.084	0.002	0.012	−0.92		− 0.012	−0.120	0.006	0.011	−2.13
Matric	−0.017	0.113	−0.008	0.015	2.48		0.004	0.097	0.002	0.013	−0.60		− 0.014	0.106	− 0.006	0.009	2.16
Tertiary	−0.004	0.490	−0.008	0.024	2.73	5.10	−0.003	0.427	−0.006	0.019	2.27	−1.46	−0.007	0.460	−0.012	0.014	4.38	2.63
Fruits
< once a day	(base)						(base)						(base)
> = once a day	0.016	0.090	0.006	0.008	−1.93	−1.93	−0.056	0.118	−0.027	0.011	11.00	11.00	−0.026	0.106	−0.011	0.007	3.99	3.99
Vegetables
< once a day	(base)						(base)						(base)
> = once a day	−0.008	0.041	−0.001	0.004	0.42	0.42	0.042	0.084	0.014	0.009	−5.81	−5.81	0.021	0.063	0.005	0.005	−1.90	−1.90
Physical activity
0–2 times	(base)						(base)						(base)
3–7 times	−0.002	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.00	0.00	−0.026	0.069	−0.007	0.005	2.97	2.97	−0.018	0.038	−0.003	0.003	0.99	0.99
Smoking
Less than daily/never	(base)						(base)						(base)
Daily	0.004	−0.092	−0.002	0.005	0.48	0.48	0.022	0.183	0.016	0.004	−6.67	−6.67	0.010	0.002	0.000	0.002	−0.03	−0.03
Alcohol
< =once a week/never	(base)						(base)						(base)
> once a week	0.001	−0.074	0.000	0.003	0.06	0.06	−0.010	−0.058	0.002	0.004	−0.95	−0.95	− 0.003	−0.050	0.001	0.002	−0.19	−0.19
Explained			−0.278			91.15			−0.248			103.06			−0.269			97.32
Residual			−0.027			8.85			0.007			−3.06			−0.007			2.68
Total			−0.304			100.00			−0.241			100.00			−0.276			100.00

Note: CI – Erreygers concentration index, Abs – Absolute contribution. SE- Bootstrapped standard errors for the absolute contributions obtained via a bootstrapping method using 500 replications. Residual is the part of the inequalities in depressive symptoms not explained by the chosen variables

Back to article page

ISSN: 1475-9276

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com