Fig. 1

The bureaucratic structure of the government regulation of health care facilities in Shanghai. SOURCE: Opinions on Further Development of Health Supervision System in Shanghai issued by the Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau in 2007 (http://wsjkw.sh.gov.cn/zhjd/20180526/38386.html). Sub-branch of HSA refers to a substation or squadron established by a HSA at the district level that acts as a sub-inspectorate at the township level and monitors local health care organizations and reports to the HSA in some suburban districts