Variable | Catastrophic health expenditure | Impoverishment | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WHO standard method (Threshold = 10%) | Ataguba method | Ataguba method | ||||||||||
Approach 1 | Approach 2 | Approach 2; y = 0.8 | Approach 2; ƴ = 1 | Approach 1 | Approach 2 | |||||||
OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | |
Age | 0.9937 | 0.0184 | 0.9959 | 0.0120 | 1.0256 | 0.0158 | 1.0131 | 0.0175 | 1.0414 | 0.0468 | 0.9867 | 0.0248 |
Female gender | 3.7193*** | 2.0622 | 1.7343* | 0.5177 | 1.2347 | 0.4867 | 2.1125 | 1.0001 | 12.8261** | 15.9804 | 2.9832 | 2.1404 |
Non-African | 0.1620* | 0.1733 | 1.0108 | 0.3688 | 1.0463 | 0.4895 | 1.4307 | 0.7103 | 1 | – | 0.2506 | 0.2789 |
Single marital status | 0.6182 | 0.2984 | 0.7161 | 0.2097 | 0.8858 | 0.3454 | 0.5065 | 0.2210 | 0.0082*** | 0.0127 | 0.2991* | 0.1900 |
No children | 4.0092** | 2.7129 | 1.3224 | 0.5922 | 3.3594** | 1.8273 | 3.5447** | 2.1681 | 20.380** | 34.5052 | 1.2749 | 1.5671 |
Secondary education | 1.7726 | 1.1278 | 0.8512 | 0.3249 | 1.0830 | 0.5281 | 0.8946 | 0.4925 | 3.6523 | 4.8304 | 3.1172 | 3.5001 |
Tertiary education | 1.0491 | 1.0245 | 0.7017 | 0.3958 | 0.8271 | 0.6336 | 0.2656 | 0.2599 | 7.3091 | 16.0224 | 1.2380 | 2.0591 |
Employed | 1.0750 | 0.4998 | 0.8921 | 0.2709 | 0.6371 | 0.2754 | 0.6547 | 0.3148 | 0.2977 | 0.3094 | 0.4226 | 0.3016 |
5+ household size | 2.7367** | 1.3242 | 1.1987 | 0.3603 | 1.3905 | 0.5499 | 0.8822 | 0.4086 | 3.7812 | 4.0300 | 2.5163 | 1.6182 |
Index quintile 2 | 0.5412 | 0.2913 | 0.7519 | 0.2736 | 0.7406 | 0.3527 | 0.6004 | 0.3349 | 0.0700* | 0.1077 | 0.5701 | 0.4458 |
Index quintile 3 | 0.4732 | 0.2712 | 0.4915* | 0.1978 | 0.5804 | 0.2981 | 0.5009 | 0.3023 | 0.0387** | 0.0617 | 0.1985 | 0.2312 |
Index quintile 4 | 1 | – | 0.3054** | 0.1517 | 0.3211* | 0.2153 | 0.3737 | 0.2862 | 1 | – | 0.7353 | 0.6452 |
Index quintile 5 | 0.4553 | 0.4103 | 0.2989** | 0.1672 | 0.3558 | 0.2657 | 0.8386 | 0.6068 | 0.2136 | 0.4225 | 0.7142 | 0.9356 |
Sample (n) | 256 | Â | 297 | Â | 297 | Â | 295 | Â | 198 | Â | 297 | Â |
Pseudo R2 | 0.145 | Â | 0.0574 | Â | 0.0596 | Â | 0.0743 | Â | 0.4151 | Â | 0.1758 | Â |