Incidence, socio-economic inequalities and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment for diabetes care in South Africa: a study at two public hospitals in Tshwane

Table 3 Catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment related to diabetes care (%)

Method/Indicator	Approach 1			Approach 2
Method/Indicator	N	%	Stnd.dev	N	%	Stnd.dev
WHO Standard method
Poor	375	6%	0.2353	375	6%	0.2353
Catastrophic 10	359	9%	0.2813	343	25%	0.4357
Catastrophic 20	359	4%	0.2066	343	11%	0.3143
Catastrophic 30	359	3%	0.1726	343	8%	0.2697
Catastrophic 40	359	2%	0.1478	343	6%	0.2454
Impoverished	336	0%	0.0000	320	2%	0.1465
Ataguba method (ƴ = 0.8)
Catastrophic head count ratio	362	4%	0.1996	346	13%	0.3400
Prepayment poverty head count	357	21%	0.4059	341	21%	0.4066
Post-payment poverty head count	357	23%	0.4212	341	25%	0.4349
Impoverished	357	2%	0.1482	341	4%	0.2053
Ataguba method (ƴ = 1)
Catastrophic head count ratio	361	2%	0.1561	344	10%	0.2989
Prepayment poverty head count	357	21%	0.4059	341	21%	0.4066
Post-payment poverty head count	357	23%	0.4212	341	25%	0.4349
Impoverished	357	2%	0.1482	341	4%	0.2053

Note: N – Number of observations in each method, Stnd.dev – standard deviation. Approach 1 is catastrophic expenditure due to direct health costs only, approach 2 is catastrophic expenditure due to both direct medical health costs plus the direct non-medical costs of transport. Ataguba method (y = 0.8) - threshold varies with household expenditure. Ataguba method (y = 1) - constant threshold of 10%

ISSN: 1475-9276