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Table 5 Decomposition of the Concentration Index

From: Equitable realization of the right to health in Haiti: how household data inform health seeking behavior and financial risk protection

 

All health facilities (N = 1878)

Public health facilities (N = 806)

Public Dispensaries (N = 327)

Public Hospitals (N = 479)

Private for Profit facilities (N = 472)

Ancillary Services (N = 274)

Community Health Workers (N = 112)

Traditional Healers (N = 104)

Concentration index (Inequality)

0.02

0.05

0.02

0.08

0.12

0.07

−0.22

−0.18

Standardizing demographic variables

 Household size

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.00

−0.00

0.06

0.02

−0.04

 Gender

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

 Older than 65

−0.00

−0.00

−0.00

− 0.00

0.00

0.00

−0.00

− 0.00

 <  4 years

−0.03

− 0.04

−0.07

− 0.02

−0.01

− 0.05

−0.07

− 0.01

Control variables

 Wealth quintiles

0.07

0.08

0.07

0.09

0.13

0.14

−0.07

0.07

 Educated

−0.09

− 0.03

−0.03

− 0.02

−0.02

− 0.03

−0.03

− 0.04

 Health Insurance

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

−0.00

0.03

0.00

 Urban

−0.02

−0.00

− 0.02

0.01

0.01

−0.06

− 0.10

−0.13

 Residual

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.01

−0.00

0.01

−0.00

−0.03

  1. Source: ECVMAS 2013, using ADePT software
  2. Methodological note: The decomposition of outpatient health services by provider type distinguishes the inequality measure from justifiable standardizing determinants such as age and gender- and unjustifiable determinants -the Z such as income, health insurance status. Each factor is drawn above or below zero– above 0 indicates a positive contribution of the factor making the CI more pro-rich and below 0 indicates a negative contribution of the factor making the concentration more pro-poor. The residuals show the part of the CI that is not due to the factors included in the analysis. In this study, gender and age and having children below 4 are seen as “need” variables that predict the need for health services, while wealth quintile, education, health insurance and residence as “non-need” variables, from which the differences of utilization resulted are considered as unfair and as inequity