Skip to main content

Table 2 Two-part model: utilization and affordability

From: Health care utilization and affordability among older people following China’s 2009 health reform -- evidence from CHARLS pilot study

VARIABLES

Selection equation: utilization > 0

Outpatient

Inpatient

Outcome equation: conditional OOP%

Outcome equation: conditional PS%

Selection equation: utilization > 0

Outcome equation: conditional OOP%

Outcome equation: conditional PS%

Health Reform:2012

1.021

−0.998*

−2.324***

1.068

−0.217

1.539

(0.025)

(0.583)

(0.831)

(0.0458)

(0.908)

(0.994)

Province: Zhejiang

1.383**

7.288**

7.817**

1.583***

−3.427

−1.197

(0.188)

(3.058)

(3.432)

(0.235)

(4.435)

(6.736)

Age

1.007

−0.00543

0.405**

1.034***

− 0.382**

0.181

(0.006)

(0.134)

(0.188)

(0.00774)

(0.189)

(0.326)

Gender: Female

1.697***

−0.288

5.164*

0.821

−5.350*

2.439

(0.214)

(1.791)

(2.769)

(0.121)

(3.209)

(5.811)

Marital status: Others

1.027

3.227

−0.597

0.775

9.122**

11.83**

(0.128)

(2.702)

(4.563)

(0.141)

(3.724)

(5.803)

Education level:

1.644***

−0.363

1.728

0.954

−3.507

0.349

Can read/writing

(0.253)

(2.718)

(4.277)

(0.202)

(4.254)

(6.402)

Education level:

1.538**

−0.655

0.377

0.981

−8.724*

−8.845

Primary school

(0.275)

(2.501)

(4.424)

(0.163)

(4.557)

(8.851)

Education level:

1.282*

−1.596

−1.835

0.966

−10.43**

6.469

Junior high and above

(0.174)

(2.572)

(4.076)

(0.190)

(4.207)

(6.483)

Expenditure

1.117**

1.291*

−1.778*

1.142*

1.868

−2.593

(RMB in 2012 value)

(0.0503)

(0.710)

(0.914)

(0.0820)

(1.697)

(3.091)

ADL:

1.291*

−0.968

−0.736

1.583**

8.296**

10.52*

With any ADL

(0.181)

(2.445)

(3.056)

(0.298)

(4.114)

(6.147)

Self-reported health:

2.147***

−2.540

−4.277

1.691***

−7.541

−14.13**

Fair health

(0.237)

(2.916)

(4.178)

(0.325)

(5.629)

(6.455)

Self-reported health:

3.952***

−1.679

−6.893

3.734***

−10.34*

− 12.59*

Poor/very poor health

(0.572)

(2.676)

(4.490)

(0.637)

(5.585)

(6.582)

Types of insurance:

0.912

−4.532**

8.784*

1.321

−24.31***

0.721

NCMS

(0.177)

(1.782)

(5.114)

(0.489)

(3.039)

(4.061)

Types of insurance:

1.275

−16.33**

3.388

1.831

−34.41***

−5.620

URBMI

(0.351)

(6.671)

(8.567)

(0.862)

(2.859)

(15.98)

Types of insurance:

1.651

− 39.65***

12.10*

1.767

−48.90***

−2.760

UEBMI

(0.507)

(8.006)

(6.987)

(0.726)

(7.024)

(6.012)

Types of insurance:

1.262

−14.33**

8.904

1.312

−51.00***

−1.348

Others

(0.324)

(6.590)

(7.966)

(0.621)

(8.751)

(7.997)

Types of insurance:

1.469

0.975

20.08**

1.049

−17.65***

51.99***

IBMI

(0.450)

(2.371)

(8.945)

(0.550)

(3.990)

(7.373)

Get reimbursement

1.440***

−4.581*

−2.543

0.991

−0.590

−13.78**

Immediately

(0.152)

(2.411)

(3.524)

(0.167)

(4.137)

(6.080)

Constant

678.1***

2092*

4732***

−96.12

550.2

− 3017

 

(192.0)

(1171)

(1672)

(95.55)

(1817)

(1989)

  1. Robust standard errors are reported in parenthesis.
  2. ***p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1